Biocompatibility of Dental Biomaterials

A test that detects chromosomal damage. This test involves examining cells for micronuclei, which are small nuclei that form when chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes fail to properly integrate into the daughter cells during cell division.

A type of chromosomal change that results in an abnormal number of chromosomes. It's like losing or gaining a chromosome.

A type of chromosomal change that results from breakage or damage to a chromosome. It involves changes in the structure of a chromosome.

A test used to assess the compatibility of a material with blood and its components. This test examines how a material might affect red blood cells, which could lead to the release of hemoglobin.

The process of releasing hemoglobin from red blood cells. It can be caused by interactions between a material and blood.

Laboratory tests that use cells or tissues grown in culture to assess the compatibility of a material with biological systems. These tests can be more controllable and provide specific insights into how a material interacts with cells and tissues.

Tests that evaluate the compatibility of a material with a living organism. These tests involve introducing the material into the body of an animal and observing its effects.

Tests that provide information about how a material interacts with cells and tissues on a molecular level. These tests are often used in early stages of biocompatibility testing.

A test that measures the sensitization potential of chemicals by applying the test material to the skin of guinea pigs under an occlusive patch.

A test that measures the allergic response of chemicals by detecting increased lymphocyte activity in lymph nodes draining the application site.

An animal welfare advantage of the LLNA compared to guinea pig tests due to fewer animals used and decreased pain and distress.

A group of tests that assess the irritating effects of materials on mucous membranes like the mouth, rectum, or vagina.

A specific test used to evaluate the irritancy of dental materials on the oral mucosa using the cheek pouch of a hamster.

Tests that involve surgically implanting materials into bone, subcutaneous tissue, or muscle of a laboratory animal.

The selection of animal species for implantation tests is guided by factors such as the size and number of samples, and the expected duration of the test.

The duration of implantation tests is adjusted to match the projected lifespan of the animal used.

Stronger irritants, like bacteria or chemicals, can damage the odontoblasts (cells that form dentin), leading to their death.

When the pulp is injured, stem cells within the pulp differentiate into secondary odontoblasts. These new cells create reparative dentin, which is less organized than normal dentin.

Tests where materials are directly placed on the gingiva or buccal/palatal mucosa for different time periods. The inflammation response is then observed and categorized (slight, moderate, or severe).

Tests using animal models (e.g., primates, dogs) to investigate the biocompatibility of materials with periapical tissues. The material is placed in the root canal after traditional cleaning and shaping procedures.

The process of evaluating a new material's biocompatibility by combining multiple tests. This approach is considered the most effective as no single test can fully assess all aspects.

The first set of biocompatibility tests conducted on a material. These usually include in vitro tests like cytotoxicity and mutagenicity testing.

Tests conducted in experimental animals to further investigate the biocompatibility of a material. These tests may include tissue implantation and organ function evaluation.

The final stage of biocompatibility evaluation where the material is tested under actual usage conditions. This involves clinical trials and long-term safety monitoring.

A method used to assess the compatibility of a material with blood, specifically its effect on red blood cells.

A standardized set of conditions crucial to ensure consistent and reliable results when evaluating biomaterials' compatibility with blood.

A test evaluating a material's safety and compatibility when placed in contact with living tissue or organisms.

A test method that involves directly contacting a material with living cells in a laboratory setting to assess its potential toxicity.

Tests focusing on how a material interacts with the body's immune system, potentially triggering an immune response.

A test method that examines the potential of a material to cause an allergic reaction in an individual.

Refers to the ability of a material to interact with blood without causing harmful reactions like red blood cell destruction.

A type of naturally occurring polymer that exhibits antibacterial properties, forms a barrier, and promotes wound healing due to its optimal moisture retention.

Synthetic polymers are often preferred for creating hydrogels because their properties can be easily controlled and predicted, but they may lack natural biological activity.

Adding naturally occurring substances like proteins or biomolecules to synthetic hydrogels can improve their ability to interact with cells and enhance their biological function.

A synthetic polymer commonly used in biomaterials, PEG is known for its excellent water-absorbing properties, biocompatibility, and ability to regulate cell growth.

This polymer is similar to PEG and can be used to create networks that trap cells, which makes it suitable for tissue engineering and drug delivery.

PLA and PGA are biodegradable polymers whose breakdown products are naturally occurring in the body, making them suitable for medical applications.

PLA and PGA are very versatile when used in the body because their breakdown products, lactic and glycolic acid, are naturally processed and eliminated by the body.

The process of creating a network of polymers that can trap water and form a gel-like structure, often used in biomaterials, is called hydrogel formation.