Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?
To generate heat through thermogenesis
Where are the nuclei located in adipocytes of white adipose tissue?
Eccentrically
What is the characteristic feature of adipocytes in brown adipose tissue?
Multiple small lipid droplets
What is the function of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue?
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Where are the superficial deposits of brown adipose tissue typically located?
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What type of staining is used in the image?
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What is the size of white adipocytes?
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What is the main function of brown adipose tissue?
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What is unique about the nuclei of brown adipocytes?
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What is the function of adipokines?
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What is the characteristic feature of a signet ring in white adipocytes?
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What is the importance of brown fat in neonates?
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What is the role of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue?
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What is the significance of mitochondria in brown adipocytes?
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Which type of connective tissue provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs?
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What is the function of leptin, an adipokine?
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Which type of connective tissue is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts?
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What is the function of adiponectin, an adipokine?
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What is the function of chemerin, an adipokine?
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What is the characteristic of embryonic connective tissue?
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What is the type of connective tissue that is characterized by the presence of fat cells?
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What is the function of plasminogen activator inhibitor (serpin), an adipokine?
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Study Notes
Adipose Tissue Structure
- White adipocytes: large (50-150 μm in diameter), lipid droplet with a scant ring of cytoplasm, nuclei are flattened and eccentric, contain few mitochondria
- Brown adipocytes: smaller, contain multiple lipid droplets of varying size, nuclei are round and centrally located, increased number of mitochondria
Adipose Tissue Functions
- White adipose tissue (WAT): synthesis, storage, and release of triglycerides, release of hormones/cytokines, protection (cold, mechanical, physical), forms body shape
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT): heat production through uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, particularly important in neonates, small mammals in cold environments, and hibernating animals
Adipokines
- Biologically active molecules (hormones, cytokines, growth factors) secreted by adipose tissue
- Regulate adipogenesis, adipocyte metabolism, immune cell migration, appetite and satiety control, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity
- Examples of adipokines: leptin, adiponectin, resistin, chemerin, TNF, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor (serpin)
Connective Tissue
- Provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs
- Types of connective tissue:
- Embryonic: mesenchymal, mucous (Wharton jelly)
- Connective tissue proper: loose, dense (irregular or regular)
- Specialized: reticular, cartilage, bone, adipose, bone marrow, fluid (blood and lymph)
Embryonic Connective Tissue
- Mesenchymal tissue: embryonic connective tissue
- Mucous connective tissue: found in fetuses, umbilical cord, matrix of the fetal umbilical cord
Loose Connective Tissue
- Characteristics: loose arrangement of fibers, rich in cells, allows for flexibility and movement
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