Biology Units 1 & 2 Quiz

Unit 1: Ecology

• Understand food webs, food chains, and trophic levels.
• Know different types of organisms (detritivores, producers, consumers, decomposers).
• Study the water cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, and nitrogen cycle.
• Define biotic and abiotic factors.
• Learn about different types of symbiosis and predator-prey relationships.
• Understand population growth curves, factors that limit growth, and factors that increase or decrease population size.
• Define biomass, density-dependent factors, and density-independent factors, niche.

Unit 2: Organization, Structure, and Function

• Contrast organic and inorganic compounds.
• Define monomer, polymer, and macromolecule, and relate them to each other.
• Identify and describe the four major biochemical compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), including their structures and characteristics in living organisms, and provide examples.
• Relate the structure of lipids to their function in membranes (polarity - hydrophobic/hydrophilic).
• Explain the size limitations of cells and calculate surface area to volume ratios.
• Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• Describe cell membrane structure, composition, and function.
• Understand which organelles work together for protein synthesis and excretion.
• Compare and contrast plant and animal cells' structural differences.
• Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.
• Define homeostasis.

Unit 3: Cell Differentiation, Homeostasis, and Communication

• Explain the process of substance diffusion.
• Define homeostasis.
• Describe hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions.
• Understand the effects of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on plant and animal cells.
• Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis.
• Define and explain turgor pressure and its relation to plant function.
• Explain how substances can move across the cell membrane through simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport, giving examples.
• Differentiate between active and passive transport.
• Explain the sodium-potassium pump's operation.

Unit 4: Cellular Processes, Feedback, and Genetic Variation

• Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction.
• Understand the stages of meiosis.
• Define gamete, zygote, diploid, haploid, homologous chromosomes.
• Define nondisjunction, its relationship with crossing over, function of interphase, and differentiate autosomes from sex chromosomes.
• Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
• Define stem cells, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis.

Biology Vocabulary Prefixes and Suffixes (Semester 1):

• Provide a list of prefixes and suffixes with their meaning and example words (not covering all terms).