Biology Unit Overview: Cells to Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ pump in the plasma membrane?

Provides energy for neurotransmitter release at synapses

Starts action potentials by depolarizing the membrane

Facilitates the movement of calcium ions into the cell

Maintains resting membrane potential by exchanging sodium and potassium ions (correct)

In terms of nerve impulse conduction, what is the main difference between saltatory conduction and continuous conduction?

Saltatory conduction requires more energy than continuous conduction

Saltatory conduction is slower than continuous conduction

Continuous conduction allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Saltatory conduction occurs only in myelinated axons, whereas continuous conduction occurs in unmyelinated axons (correct)

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Somatic nervous system

Sympathetic division (correct)

Parasympathetic division

Central nervous system

What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?

It provides a cushion and protects the brain from injury Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released by the sympathetic nervous system?

Nor-Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Afferent neurons transmit signals to the central nervous system, while efferent neurons carry signals away from it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

It stores and releases calcium ions during muscle contraction. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of muscle contraction does the sliding filament mechanism occur?

Contraction Signup and view all the answers

What describes the resting membrane potential (RMP) in neurons?

The electrical charge difference across the cell membrane when the neuron is inactive. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during rigor mortis?

ATP production ceases, causing muscles to stiffen. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the differences between glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic conditions?

Aerobic glycolysis completely oxidizes glucose to CO2 and H2O, yielding more ATP per glucose than anaerobic glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by striations and voluntary control?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neuroglial cells in the nervous system?

To support and protect neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 1: Introduction

Body organization terminology
Homeostasis: negative and positive feedback mechanisms
Organelle functions
Organic molecules: building blocks
Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
Cell membrane structure and function
Cell membrane specializations
Cell division: mitosis vs. meiosis
Membrane transport (thorough study)

Unit 2: Tissues & Skin

Endocrine vs. exocrine glands
Four main tissue types (structure and function)
Body membranes (serous, synovial, mucous, cutaneous)
Integumentary system classification and functions
Vitamin D: production, function, and importance

Unit 3: Skeletal System and Muscular System

Bone cells: names and functions
Bone tissue composition
Long bone parts
PTH/Calcitonin: Ca++ homeostasis regulation
Bone names and basic parts/functions
Axial vs. appendicular skeleton
Joint classifications and examples
Muscular system functions
Muscle tissue types (structure and function)
Skeletal muscle organization (sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubules)
Neuromuscular junction (structure and events)
Resting membrane potential (RMP)

Unit 4: Nervous System

Nervous system organization (CNS and PNS)
Nervous system functions
Neuron structure and functions (dendrites, soma, axon, axon hillock, terminal)
Neuron classification
Neuroglial cell functions
Afferent vs. efferent (sensory vs. motor) divisions
Myelinated vs. unmyelinated axons (AP propagation rate)
CNS: brain and spinal cord (white and gray matter)
Resting membrane potential (RMP) definition, generation
Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
Action potential definition, generation, phases
Na+/K+ pump of plasma membrane: function
Ca++ pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum: function
Saltatory vs. continuous nerve impulse conduction (rate of AP propagation)
Synapse types (electrical and chemical)
Brain divisions, lobes, and functions
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): formation, location, functions
Blood-brain barrier: structure and function
PNS: sensory and motor divisions
PNS: somatic and autonomic divisions
Cranial and spinal nerves
Sensation: sensory receptors, receptor potentials, and action potentials

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics from the first three units on biology, focusing on body organization, cell functions, and the skeletal and muscular systems. Key concepts include organelle functions, tissue types, and calcium homeostasis. Test your knowledge on the fundamental building blocks of life!