Biology Unit 2 Study Guide
38 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the monomers of proteins called?

  • Nucleotides
  • Sugars
  • Fatty acids
  • Amino acids (correct)

    • What type of inhibition occurs when a substance binds to the active site of an enzyme?

  • Noncompetitive inhibition
  • Feedback inhibition
  • Allosteric inhibition
  • Competitive inhibition (correct)

    • Which of the following is a polymer made of monomers called nucleotides?

  • Proteins
  • DNA (correct)
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids

    • What is the role of the R-group in amino acids?

    <p>Determines the amino acid's identity and properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when an enzyme catalyzes a reaction?

    <p>Products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best explains the diversity of protein structures?

    <p>The order and type of amino acids vary, affecting folding and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of enzyme activity, what does the active site refer to?

    <p>The part of the enzyme where substrates bind and react</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecule 'A' formed by the joining of amino acid 1 and amino acid 2 is classified as which of the following?

    <p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is illustrated with Molecule A and Molecule B?

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules like Molecule 'B' are primarily found in which type of biological macromolecule?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most effective for determining the speed of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

    <p>Measuring the product formed over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question can be best answered using the diagram of enzyme activity?

    <p>Is the reaction rate affected by enzyme addition?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of water molecules makes them polar?

    <p>Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic temperature is suggested for optimal catalase enzyme activity?

    <p>35 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fertilizer component best matches the molecule it will be incorporated into?

    <p>Nitrogen for nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes molecules that are water-loving?

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains why phospholipid molecules are described as being both hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

    <p>They contain a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the attraction between molecules of the same substance, such as water?

    <p>Cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water's high specific heat capacity beneficial for living organisms?

    <p>It helps regulate the temperature of environments and organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines adhesion in the context of water molecules?

    <p>The attraction between water and different substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Cell membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of water is primarily responsible for its cohesive properties?

    <p>Its hydrogen bonding capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor best explains why acids, bases, heat, and salts decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

    <p>They disrupt the hydrogen bonds necessary for enzyme functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of activation energy in a chemical reaction?

    <p>It is the minimum energy required to initiate a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biological macromolecules is classified as saturated or unsaturated?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts disaccharides into monosaccharides?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a chemical reaction?

    <p>It is restored to its original state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a single covalent bond formed between two atoms?

    <p>By sharing a pair of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of macromolecule stores an organism's genetic material?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high heat or extreme pH levels on enzyme activity?

    <p>They cause denaturation of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the activation energy in a reaction diagram?

    <p>The peak of the energy barrier that must be overcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an endothermic reaction?

    <p>It absorbs energy from the surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, what does A + B typically represent?

    <p>The reactants before the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the concept of enzyme specificity?

    <p>An enzyme can only catalyze reactions involving substrates with a complementary molecular structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence would indicate that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has reached saturation?

    <p>A plateau in product formation despite increases in substrate concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the energy gained or released in a biochemical reaction determined?

    <p>By comparing the energy levels of reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial for an enzyme to successfully catalyze a reaction?

    <p>The substrate must fit precisely into the enzyme's active site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the activation energy of a reaction when an enzyme is present?

    <p>It decreases, facilitating a faster reaction rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 2 Study Guide

    • Water Molecules: Draw four interacting water molecules, showing partial charges, one covalent bond, and one hydrogen bond.
    • Polarity of Water: Water molecules are polar due to electronegativity differences between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is more electronegative, pulling shared electrons closer, creating partial negative and positive charges.
    • Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic: Hydrophobic substances repel water, while hydrophilic substances attract water.
    • Phospholipids: Phospholipid molecules are both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) due to their structure. The phosphate head is hydrophilic; the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic.
    • Phospholipid Bilayer: Draw a diagram of a phospholipid bilayer, labeling the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
    • Cohesion and Adhesion: Water molecules stick to each other (cohesion) and to other surfaces (adhesion). Cohesion and adhesion are important for water transport in plants.

    Carbohydrates and Lipids

    • Carbohydrate Functions: Describe the major functions of carbohydrates.
    • Lipid Functions: Describe the major functions of lipids.

    Proteins

    • Protein Monomers: The monomers of proteins are amino acids.
    • Protein Polymer: The polymer of proteins is a polypeptide, or protein.
    • Amino Acid Diagram: Draw a diagram of an amino acid, labeling all components.
    • Enzyme Inhibition: Draw a diagram distinguishing between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.

    DNA and RNA

    • DNA/RNA Monomers: Both DNA and RNA are polymers made from monomers called nucleotides.
    • Diagram Labeling: Label a diagram of a DNA strand with the correct components, for example, A, B, and C.

    Protein Structure

    • Protein Diversity: Proteins are diverse due to the different arrangements of amino acids, R-groups, and the formation of peptide bonds.

    Enzyme Structure and Function

    • Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction: Draw a 3-panel diagram of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, labeling the enzyme, active site, substrate, and products.
    • Diet Coke and Phenylketonuria: Explain how the consumption of Diet Coke can affect individuals with Phenylketonuria.

    Enzyme Kinetics

    • Activation Energy: Label the activation energy in the provided diagram.
    • Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction Comparison: Sketch in a line to represent the activation energy of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, showing a comparison with a non-enzyme catalyzed reaction. Explain if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
    • Reaction Progress: Identify what A + B and C + D represent in the diagram.
    • Enzyme Saturation: Graph what point of saturation would look like for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
    • Potato Catalase Lab: Explain which trial in the potato catalase lab represented saturation.

    Enzyme Specificity

    • Enzyme Specificity: Explain why an enzyme is specific in its catalysis. Describe the importance of the active site's shape and charge in fitting the substrate.

    Activation energy and Catalysts

    • Activation Energy: Describe what activation energy is.
    • Catalyst: Describe what a catalyst is.

    Biological Macromolecule Subunits

    • Nucleotide Subunits: Identify the smaller subunits found in a nucleotide (e.g., phosphate, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose).
    • Saturated/Unsaturated: Explain which biological macromolecule category (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids) is categorized as saturated or unsaturated.
    • Disaccharide to Monosaccharide: Describe the chemical process involved in converting disaccharides into monosaccharides.

    Macromolecule Identification

    • Genetic Material: Identify the macromolecule that stores genetic material.
    • Enzyme Complex: Explain what happens to the enzyme after an enzymatic reaction.
    • Covalent Bonds: Detail what a single covalent bond represents.
    • Molecular Formation: Describe the formation of a molecule formed from amino acids..
    • Molecular Structure/Components: Identify the types of molecules present in a structure (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins).

    Enzyme Reaction Rate Determination

    • Enzyme-catalyzed Reaction: Explain methods for measuring the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

    Enzyme Activity and Temperature

    • Enzyme Activity Graph: Describe why the graph showing enzyme activity and temperature follows the pattern displayed.
    • Enzyme Temperature Optimum: Identify the temperature at which an enzyme functions best.
    • Enzyme Denaturation: Identify the process by which an enzyme loses its function at high temperatures.

    Fertilizer Components

    • Macromolecular Incorporation: Explain how components of fertilizer are incorporated into specific macromolecules.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Biology Honors Unit 2 Review PDF

    Description

    This study guide covers critical concepts related to water molecules, including their structure, polarity, and the behavior of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Key topics include the phospholipid structure and the significance of cohesion and adhesion in water transport. Perfect for exam preparation in Unit 2 of biology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser