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Questions and Answers
Where does translation occur within a cell?
What is the function of the anticodon on the tRNA molecule?
What is the role of the start codon in the translation process?
What type of bond is formed between two amino acids during translation?
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What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?
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Study Notes
Translation
- Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
- mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and attaches to a ribosome.
- tRNA molecules are single-stranded RNA molecules that fold into a clover-like structure.
- tRNA molecules have an anticodon (a triplet of unpaired bases) and a specific amino acid binding site.
- There are approximately 20 different tRNA molecules, each with a unique anticodon and amino acid binding site.
- tRNA molecules bind with their specific amino acids in the cytoplasm.
- tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the mRNA molecule on the ribosome.
- The anticodon on each tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA molecule.
- The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation.
- AUG codes for the amino acid methionine.
- Two tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome at a time, bringing their amino acids side by side.
- A peptide bond is formed between the two amino acids through a condensation reaction.
- Translation continues until a stop codon is reached on the mRNA molecule, signaling the end of the process.
- The complete amino acid chain forms the final polypeptide.
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Description
This quiz covers the key steps involved in the translation process of protein synthesis, occurring in the cytoplasm. You'll learn about the role of mRNA, tRNA, and how amino acids are assembled into proteins during translation.
