Biology Transcription and Translation Overview

Questions and Answers

What is transcription?

Process of copying DNA into mRNA

What does mRNA stand for?

messenger RNA

What is a polypeptide chain?

A string of amino acids bonded together

What is an amino acid?

The building block of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA?

RNA that brings the amino acid to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is an anticodon?

Triplet bases on the tRNA that bind to a complementary triplet on the mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is a codon?

Triplet bases on the mRNA that code for a specific amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What is a ribosome?

Place of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is translation?

The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the nucleus?

The control center of the cell that houses DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

The gel-like substance within the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transcription and Translation Overview

Transcription is the process wherein DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
mRNA serves as a single-stranded template derived from a gene in DNA, facilitating protein synthesis.
A polypeptide chain consists of amino acids linked together, forming the structure of proteins.

Key Components in Protein Synthesis

Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks that compose proteins.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly.
An anticodon is a set of three nucleotide bases on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA during translation.
Codons are triplet bases found on mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids, guiding protein synthesis.

Cellular Machinery

Ribosomes are the sites where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
DNA contains the genetic information necessary for the production of mRNA and ultimately proteins.

Cellular Locations

The nucleus is the cellular compartment where transcription takes place, housing the DNA.
Cytoplasm is where ribosomes are located and translation of mRNA into proteins occurs.

Description

This quiz covers the processes of transcription and translation, key components in protein synthesis, and the cellular machinery involved. Test your knowledge on how DNA is converted into mRNA and how proteins are assembled from amino acids during translation.