CLASS 7 Biology :Tissues
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CLASS 7 Biology :Tissues

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@Dr. K. Viswanath

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Questions and Answers

Which function is NOT performed by meristematic tissue?

  • Formation of new organs
  • Transportation of water (correct)
  • Division to produce more cells
  • Growth in plant height

    • What type of cells predominantly make up phloem tissue?

  • Large thin-walled cells
  • Living cells (correct)
  • Small meristematic cells
  • Dead cells

    • What distinguishes meristematic tissue from permanent tissue?

  • Thick cell walls
  • Presence of chlorophyll
  • Ability to divide actively (correct)
  • Presence of large vacuoles

    • Which tissue is responsible for the transport of water in plants?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue binds different tissues together in animals?

    <p>Fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about xylem is true?

    <p>It conducts water unidirectionally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do collenchyma cells differ from parenchyma cells?

    <p>Collenchyma cells are elongated and thick at the corners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of muscle tissue?

    <p>Facilitate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of epithelial tissue in the body?

    <p>Protects underlying body structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial tissue is characterized by tall, column-like cells?

    <p>Columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do the epithelial cells in the stomach and intestine perform?

    <p>Secretion of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscular tissue is under voluntary control?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle is primarily found in which part of the body?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of a neuron?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is responsible for storing fat?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tendons from ligaments?

    <p>Tendons connect bones to muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is characterized as fluid connective tissue?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of nerve cells?

    <p>Conduct messages between different body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue is described as having a rigid matrix primarily made of calcium phosphate?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue helps bind the skin to underlying tissues?

    <p>Areolar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do red blood cells play in blood?

    <p>Transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscles primarily function in which type of movements?

    <p>Involuntary internal organ movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of meristematic tissues in plants?

    <p>To produce more cells for plant growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is responsible for the movement of water and minerals in a plant?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meristematic tissues in plants?

    <p>Adding new cells to the plant body for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of phloem tissue?

    <p>Tracheids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is primarily protective?

    <p>Squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with meristematic tissue?

    <p>Cells have lost the ability to divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of permanent tissue is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

    <p>Parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscular tissue is found only in the walls of the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues connects various tissues and provides support?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does dermal tissue serve in plants?

    <p>Protecting the plant body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nervous tissue?

    <p>To transmit messages to and from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of xylem in plants?

    <p>Transporting water and minerals to aerial parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the cells of meristematic tissues?

    <p>Small size and thin cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding sclerenchyma tissue?

    <p>It is composed of thick-walled dead cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of simple permanent tissue?

    <p>Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a tissue in biological terms?

    <p>A group of similar cells working together for a specific function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does phloem transport food in plants?

    <p>Via sieve tubes and companion cells in a multidirectional flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system includes the stomach and intestines?

    <p>Digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of ground tissue is NOT accurate?

    <p>It is made exclusively of conducting tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found in the lining of the windpipe and oviduct?

    <p>Ciliated epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of permanent tissue is responsible for gas exchange in leaves?

    <p>Dermal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by the combination of tissues?

    <p>Organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is involuntary and found in the intestinal walls?

    <p>Unstriated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a distinction between meristematic and permanent tissues?

    <p>Meristematic tissues lack a definite form and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does collenchyma tissue play in plants?

    <p>Supporting growing parts of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In plants, what tissue allows for the movement of food prepared in the leaves?

    <p>Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes vascular tissue?

    <p>It conducts water, minerals, and food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature correctly applies to meristematic tissue?

    <p>Cells are always living and actively divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A group of similar cells performing a specific function is called a ______.

    <p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tissue responsible for growth in plants at the tips of roots and stems is known as ______ tissue.

    <p>meristematic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem transports ______ and minerals in plants.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tissue that primarily conducts food in plants is called ______.

    <p>phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular tissue brings about ______ in animals.

    <p>movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells of ______ tissue are characterized by large vacuoles.

    <p>permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conducting tissue in plants, which includes xylem and phloem, is also referred to as ______ tissue.

    <p>vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A group of different tissues working together forms an ______.

    <p>organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissues are found at all growing points in a plant, like the tip of ______.

    <p>roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of meristematic tissues is to produce more cells leading to the growth of the ______.

    <p>plant body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem is responsible for the movement of ______ and minerals in the plant body.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem tissue is responsible for the distribution of ______ prepared in the leaves.

    <p>food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body and forms the lining of various body ______.

    <p>cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular tissue helps in ______ and locomotion.

    <p>movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nervous tissue is made up of elongated cells called ______.

    <p>neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Squamous epithelium is composed of thin, flattened and ______ cells.

    <p>polygonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Striated muscles are attached to the ______.

    <p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shoot system of a plant consists of stem, branches, leaves, ______, and fruits.

    <p>flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A group of similar cells working together to perform a common function is called a ______.

    <p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The digestive system is an organ system that consists of different organs like mouth, food pipe, ______, and intestines.

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscles are found only in the walls of the ______.

    <p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells that are similar in size and shape work together to perform special functions, forming ______.

    <p>tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many organ systems collectively form an ______.

    <p>organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue forms a lining of various organs such as the stomach, esophagus, and ______.

    <p>intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cells of epithelial tissue may be flattened, cubical, or ______ in shape.

    <p>columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular tissue is responsible for the movement of body parts through contraction and ______.

    <p>relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscles are found only in the ______.

    <p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nervous tissue consists of specialized cells called ______.

    <p>neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intercellular space in connective tissue is filled with a material called ______.

    <p>matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adipose tissue functions to store ______ and keep the body warm.

    <p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The beating movements of the heart are caused by ______ tissue.

    <p>muscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is classified as a ______ connective tissue.

    <p>fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue helps connect different ______ of the body.

    <p>tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissues lining the stomach secrete digestive ______.

    <p>juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscles are under the control of our ______.

    <p>will</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The axon of a nerve cell is a long, tube-like part with fine terminal nerve ______.

    <p>endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue proper includes areolar, adipose, ______, and ligaments.

    <p>tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue plays roles in binding, supporting, and storing ______.

    <p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissues are made up of actively dividing ______.

    <p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermal tissue is commonly referred to as ______.

    <p>epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vascular tissue consists of two types: ______ and phloem.

    <p>xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Permanent tissues form the bulk of the ______ body.

    <p>plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collenchyma provides ______ support to the plant.

    <p>mechanical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem helps in transporting ______ from the leaves to other plant parts.

    <p>food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sclerenchyma is composed of thick-walled ______ cells.

    <p>dead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ground tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

    <p>fundamental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells in the meristematic tissue are usually ______ and thin-walled.

    <p>small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main role of dermal tissue is to protect the plant and reduce ______.

    <p>evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to various parts of the plant in a ______ flow.

    <p>unidirectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parenchyma cells are involved in ______ as they contain chloroplasts.

    <p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermal tissue helps in gas exchange through small pores called ______.

    <p>stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complex permanent tissues consist of more than one type of ______.

    <p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells of permanent tissue do not ______ and remain the same throughout their life.

    <p>divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissue is responsible for the absorption of nutrients in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem consists mainly of living cells that transport water in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem is responsible for the unidirectional transport of food in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collenchyma tissue is characterized by cells that have thickened cell walls at the corners.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Permanent tissues actively divide to form new cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrous connective tissue plays a role in binding different tissues together in animals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissue consists of large cells with prominent vacuoles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of nervous tissue is to transport water and minerals in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissues can be found only at the roots of a plant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem is responsible for transporting water and minerals in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Striated muscles are involuntary and found in the walls of organs like the intestines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue helps bind various tissues and provides support to organs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cuboidal epithelium is primarily found in the lining of the windpipe.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem tissue is composed of living cells that transport food.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nervous tissue is primarily composed of elongated cells called neurons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue helps in movements and locomotion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tissue is defined as a group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The components of phloem tissue include sieve tubes and xylem fibers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the walls of skeletal muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collenchyma tissue is primarily responsible for the transport of food in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multicellular organisms, each cell is capable of independent existence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Striated muscles are found in the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial cells are closely packed and vary in shape depending on their location and function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscular tissue has only one type, which is voluntary muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connective tissue is made up of cells that are closely packed together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart and help pump blood throughout the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissues in the small intestine are responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells, which have three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluid connective tissue is composed exclusively of red blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle cells allow for the contraction and relaxation necessary for bodily movements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The matrix in connective tissue is always a solid substance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adipose tissue primarily serves to secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Squamous epithelium consists of flattened epithelial cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tendons connect bones to other bones and are typically more elastic than ligaments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is harder than bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function of blood as a fluid connective tissue includes connecting parts of the body and transporting substances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissues contribute to the growth of plants in both length and width.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Permanent tissues are characterized by having the ability to divide throughout their life.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem tissue is responsible for transporting food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermal tissue serves a protective role for the plant body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue that has thickened cell walls and provides mechanical support.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parenchyma tissue is always composed of dead cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Permanent tissues can be classified into simple and complex categories.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sclerenchyma is characterized by having living, thin-walled cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem is responsible for the unidirectional flow of nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vascular tissues consist of xylem and phloem, which assist in the transport of vital substances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissues have large intercellular spaces and a reduced cytoplasm.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ground tissue in plants is primarily composed of vascular cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermal tissue helps in the absorption of water and minerals in the roots.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic cells have a definite form and size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plants?

    <p>The primary role of meristematic tissue is to produce more cells, leading to the growth of the plant body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do xylem and phloem differ in terms of their function?

    <p>Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant, whereas phloem transports food manufactured in the leaves to different parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes living cells in phloem from the dead cells in xylem?

    <p>Phloem consists mainly of living cells, while xylem is made up of dead cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one key characteristic that defines meristematic cells compared to permanent cells.

    <p>Meristematic cells have a large and conspicuous nucleus, while permanent cells have smaller nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of meristematic tissue found in the root tips of plants?

    <p>Meristematic tissue in root tips is significant because it aids in the growth and development of the root system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of collenchyma tissue support its function in plants?

    <p>Collenchyma tissue has elongated and thickened corners, providing support while allowing flexibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nervous tissue play in the body?

    <p>Nervous tissue conducts messages from one part of the body to another, facilitating communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does meristematic tissue contribute to the thickness of plant stems?

    <p>Meristematic tissue contributes to the thickness of plant stems through the production of new cells in the cambium layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of epithelial tissues based on their cell shapes?

    <p>The three types are squamous, cuboidal, and columnar epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe one function of the epithelial tissue in the stomach.

    <p>Epithelial tissue in the stomach secretes digestive juices that contain enzymes for digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of muscular tissue in the body?

    <p>Muscular tissue primarily facilitates movement through contraction and relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the three types of muscular tissues.

    <p>The three types are voluntary (skeletal), involuntary (smooth), and cardiac muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nerve cells in the nervous tissue?

    <p>Nerve cells conduct messages between the brain, spinal cord, and body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is characterized by a matrix that is liquid?

    <p>Fluid connective tissue, which includes blood and lymph, is characterized by a liquid matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ligaments and tendons differ in function?

    <p>Ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cartilage from bone in terms of structure?

    <p>Cartilage is flexible and non-porous, while bone is hard, porous, and has a rigid structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adipose tissue in the body?

    <p>Adipose tissue stores fat and helps keep the body warm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cell body of a neuron contain?

    <p>The cell body, or cyton, contains a prominent nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of control, what differentiates voluntary muscles from involuntary muscles?

    <p>Voluntary muscles are under conscious control, while involuntary muscles operate automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary functions of connective tissues in the body?

    <p>Connective tissues connect different tissues, provide support, and transport substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do epithelial tissues aid in absorption?

    <p>Epithelial tissues in the small intestine help absorb digested food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular feature is unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

    <p>Cardiac muscle tissue has intercalated discs that connect individual muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meristematic tissue in plants?

    <p>The primary function of meristematic tissue in plants is to produce new cells for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cells in xylem differ from phloem cells?

    <p>Xylem cells are thick-walled and primarily dead, while phloem cells are living and involved in food transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does epithelial tissue play in the body?

    <p>Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines internal cavities, providing protection and facilitating absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of phloem tissue?

    <p>The primary components of phloem tissue are sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes striated muscles from unstriated muscles?

    <p>Striated muscles are attached to bones and have a striped appearance, while unstriated muscles are non-striated and found in internal organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of connective tissue in animals?

    <p>Connective tissue connects various tissues and organs, providing support and maintaining the structural integrity of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the structure and function of nervous tissue.

    <p>Nervous tissue consists of neurons that transmit messages and signals throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ciliated epithelium?

    <p>Ciliated epithelium has hair-like structures that help move substances across its surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do muscle cells differ in their ability to contract?

    <p>Striated muscle cells contract voluntarily, while smooth muscle cells contract involuntarily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells make up meristematic tissues?

    <p>Meristematic tissues are made up of small cells with thin walls, large nuclei, and minimal vacuoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

    <p>A group of similar cells that work together is called a tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organ system, and give an example?

    <p>An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific life function, such as the digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one main characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue.

    <p>Cardiac muscle tissue is involuntary and found only in the walls of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of tissues found in plants?

    <p>Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do meristematic tissues contribute to plant growth?

    <p>They add new cells through active division, enabling growth in length and width.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells make up meristematic tissue?

    <p>Small, thin-walled cells that contain abundant cytoplasm and large nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dermal tissue in plants?

    <p>To protect the plant body and reduce water evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate between xylem and phloem in vascular tissue.

    <p>Xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of simple permanent tissues?

    <p>Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics define sclerenchyma tissue?

    <p>It consists of thick-walled, dead cells that provide strength to plant parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do parenchyma cells play in leaves?

    <p>They contain chloroplasts and assist in photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does collenchyma provide support to plants?

    <p>It provides mechanical support, particularly in stems and leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of ground tissue in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis, storage of food, and providing support and protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of complex permanent tissues?

    <p>They are composed of more than one type of cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do permanent tissues not have the ability to divide?

    <p>Permanent tissues have differentiated cells that have attained a definite form and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stomata in dermal tissue?

    <p>Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is vascular tissue primarily found in plants?

    <p>In the stems, roots, and leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tissues

    • A group of similar cells that are specialized to perform a specific function is known as tissue.
    • Examples: muscle tissue, skin tissue

    Organs

    • A differentiated structure formed by a group of similar tissues, specialized to perform a specific function, is called an organ.
    • Example: Stomach is an organ made up of fat tissue and muscle tissue.

    Meristematic Tissue

    • Actively dividing cells found at all growing points in a plant, like the tip of roots, stems, and branches.
    • Role: divide and produce more cells leading to growth of the plant body.
    • Meristematic tissue cells are smaller than cells of permanent tissue.
    • Cells have thin cell walls compared to permanent tissues
    • Meristematic cells contain large nuclei, permanent cells have small nuclei.
    • Meristematic cells lack vacuoles, permanent cells have large vacuoles.
    • Meristematic tissue cells actively divide to add new cells, permanent tissue cells do not.

    Conducting Tissue

    • Also known as vascular tissue.
    • Composed of xylem and phloem.

    Xylem

    • Transports water and minerals absorbed by roots to other plant parts.
    • Consists mainly of dead cells.
    • Conduction is unidirectional (only upwards from the roots).
    • Composed of:
      • Tracheids
      • Vessels
      • Xylem parenchyma
      • Xylem fibres

    Phloem

    • Transports food manufactured in the leaves to other plant parts.
    • Consists mainly of living cells.
    • Conduction is bidirectional (both upwards and downwards from the leaves).
    • Composed of:
      • Sieve tubes
      • Companion cells
      • Phloem parenchyma
      • Phloem fibres

    Types of Animal Tissues

    • Epithelial Tissue

      • Covers the surface of the body.
      • Forms the lining of various body cavities and internal organs.
      • Types:
        • Squamous Epithelium: Thin, flattened, polygonal cells. Protective function. Example: Outer layer of skin.
        • Cuboidal Epithelium: Cube-like cells. Concerned with absorption. Example: Inner wall lining of kidney tubules.
        • Columnar Epithelium: Vertically arranged, tall, cylindrical cells. Usually secretory. Example: Inner lining of stomach and intestine.
        • Ciliated Epithelium: Columnar epithelium with cilia. Move substances in its contact. Example: Lining of the windpipe and oviduct.

    • Connective Tissue

      • Connects various other tissues and organs.
      • Provides support to different organs.
      • Types:

        • Connective Tissue Proper:

          • Areolar Tissue: Most widely distributed connective tissue. Function: Binds the skin with underlying parts.
          • Adipose Tissue: Stores fat. Function: Stores fat and keeps the body warm.
          • Tendons: Tough, non-elastic structures. Function: Connects muscles to bones.
          • Ligaments: Elastic, strong structures. Function: Connects one bone to another bone.

        • Skeletal Tissue:

          • Cartilage: Solid connective tissue, less hard than bone. Provides flexibility. Example: Nose, external ear.
          • Bone: Hard connective tissue due to calcium phosphate. Functions: Support the body and help in movement of muscles.

        • Fluid Connective Tissue:

          • Blood: Fluid matrix called plasma. Contains red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets. Function: Connects all parts of the body and transports substances.
          • Lymph: Blood-like fluid without red blood cells. Surrounds body cells and protects the body against infections due to the presence of white blood cells.

    • Muscular Tissue

      • Forms the muscles of arms, legs, heart, alimentary canal, etc.
      • Responsible for contraction and relaxation, aiding in movements and locomotion.
      • Types:
        • Striated Muscles: Attached to bones. Voluntary muscles (under our control). Example: Arms, legs, face, neck.
        • Unstrained Muscles: Found in intestinal walls, muscles of the iris in the eye, in the wall of the urinary bladder. Involuntary muscles (not under our control).
        • Cardiac Muscles: Found only in the heart walls. Responsible for heart beating.

    • Nervous Tissue

      • Made up of elongated cells called neurons.
      • Transmits messages to the brain and back to body parts.
      • Components of a neuron:
        • Cell body (cyton): Contains a prominent nucleus.
        • Dendrons: Short branching structures arising from the cell body.
        • Axon: Long tube-like part with fine terminal nerve endings.

    Types of Plant Tissues

    • Meristematic tissues:

      • Formative tissues composed of actively dividing cells.
      • Add new cells to the plant body.
      • Help plants grow in length and width.
      • Found in growing regions (tip of the root and tip of the stem).
      • Characteristic features:
        • Small and thin-walled cells.
        • Abundant cytoplasm and large prominent nuclei.
        • Lack of spaces between cells (intercellular spaces) – tightly packed.
        • Active cell division for plant growth.
        • Give rise to permanent tissues.

    • Permanent Tissues:

      • Derived from meristematic tissues.
      • Form the bulk of the plant body.
      • Cells no longer small and thin-walled.
      • Cytoplasm is much less, nucleus is small.
      • Cells do not divide and remain the same throughout their life.
      • Classification:

        • Based on Place of Origin:

          • Dermal Tissue: Outermost layer of the plant body. (roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits)
            • Functions: Protection, waterproofing, absorption of water and minerals (roots), gas exchange (leaves).
          • Vascular Tissue: Conducts water, minerals, and food to different parts of the plant.
            • Functions: Conduction, mechanical support.
            • Types: Xylem, Phloem.
          • Ground Tissue: (Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma) - supporting tissue. Present in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
            • Functions: photosynthesis, food storage, support, and protection.

        • Based on Cell Types:

          • Simple Permanent Tissues:

            • Parenchyma: Thin-walled living cells. Functions: Food storage (potato), photosynthesis.
            • Collenchyma: Living cells with thickenings at the corners. Provides mechanical support.
            • Sclerenchyma: Thick-walled, dead cells. Provides strength to plant parts.

          • Complex Permanent Tissues:

            • Xylem: Conducts water and minerals from roots to plant body (unidirectional).
            • Phloem: Conducts food from leaves to all parts of the plant body.

    Tissues

    • A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function.
    • Examples of tissues: muscle tissue, skin tissue.

    Organs

    • A differentiated structure formed by groups of similar tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
    • Example: stomach, which is made up of muscle tissue and fat tissue.

    Meristematic Tissue

    • Actively dividing cells located at the growing points of plants like the tip of roots, stems, and branches.
    • Responsible for the growth of the plant body.
    • Key characteristics:
      • Small cell size
      • Thin cell walls
      • Large and prominent nuclei
      • Lack of vacuoles
    • The growth in height and thickness of the stem is due to meristematic tissues.

    Green Gram Seeds

    • Soaked seeds develop sprouts that grow quickly due to meristematic tissue in the root tip.

    Conducting Tissue

    • Also known as vascular tissue.
    • Responsible for transporting substances within the plant.
    • Types:
      • Xylem: Transports water and minerals upward from the roots.
      • Phloem: Transports food manufactured in the leaves throughout the plant.

    Collenchyma Tissue

    • Composed of elongated cells with thickened corners.
    • Provides support to the plant.

    Parenchyma Tissue

    • Composed of large, thin-walled cells.

    Animal Tissue

    • Four basic types of animal tissue: epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Found on the surface of the body and lining internal organs and cavities.
    • Provides protection, absorption, and secretion.
    • Types:
      • Squamous epithelium: Flattened cells, found in the outer layer of skin.
      • Cuboidal epithelium: Cube-like cells, found in the inner lining of kidney tubules.
      • Columnar epithelium: Tall, cylindrical cells, found in the inner lining of the stomach and intestine.
      • Ciliated epithelium: Columnar epithelium with cilia, found in the lining of the windpipe and oviduct.

    Muscular Tissue

    • Responsible for movement.
    • Types:
      • Striated (skeletal) muscles: Voluntary, attached to bones.
      • Unstriated (smooth) muscles: Involuntary, found in the intestinal walls, iris of the eye, and urinary bladder.
      • Cardiac muscles: Found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Composed of neurons.
    • Responsible for transmitting messages throughout the body.
    • Parts of a neuron:
      • Cell body (cyton): Contains the nucleus.
      • Dendrons: Short branching structures that receive messages.
      • Axon: Long, tube-like structure that transmits messages.

    Connective Tissue

    • Connects various parts of the body, provides support, and stores reserve food material.
    • Composed of embedded cells within a matrix.
    • Types:
      • Connective tissue proper:
        • Areolar tissue: Most widely distributed, binds the skin to underlying parts.
        • Adipose tissue: Stores fat, provides insulation.
        • Tendons: Tough, non-elastic structures, connect muscles to bones.
        • Ligaments: Elastic structures, connect bones.
      • Skeletal tissue:
        • Cartilage: Less hard than bone, provides flexibility.
        • Bone: Hard due to calcium phosphate, provides support and aids in movement.
      • Fluid connective tissue:
        • Blood: Liquid matrix called plasma, carries blood cells (RBC, WBC, platelets).
        • Lymph: Blood-like fluid without RBC, surrounds body cells, protects against infection.

    Plant Tissue

    • Two main types: meristematic and permanent.

    Meristematic Tissue

    • Composed of actively dividing cells.
    • Found in growing points of the plant.
    • Key characteristics:
      • Small and thin-walled cells
      • Abundant cytoplasm
      • Large, prominent nuclei
      • Lack of intercellular spaces
      • Active division to produce new cells
      • Give rise to permanent tissues.

    Permanent Tissues

    • Derived from meristematic tissues.
    • Form the bulk of the plant body.
    • Cells no longer divide and retain their mature structure.
    • Key characteristics:
      • Can be thin or thick-walled
      • Reduced cytoplasm
      • Small nucleus
    • Types:
      • Dermal tissue: Outermost layer of the plant body, provides protection, waterproof coating, and helps with absorption and gas exchange.
      • Vascular tissue: Responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and food.
        • Xylem: Transports water and minerals from the roots upwards.
        • Phloem: Transports food manufactured in the leaves throughout the plant.
      • Ground tissue: Provides support and performs functions like photosynthesis and food storage.
        • Parenchyma: Thin-walled, living cells, stores food and assists with photosynthesis.
        • Collenchyma: Thickened cell corners, provides support.
        • Sclerenchyma: Thick-walled, dead cells, provides strength and support.
      • Complex permanent tissues:
        • Xylem: Made of vessels and other cells, transports water and minerals upward.
        • Phloem: Made of sieve tubes and other cells, transports food throughout the plant.

    Tissues

    • A group of similar cells with a shared function forms a tissue.

    Meristematic Tissue

    • Found in growing points of plants like root tips, stems and branches.
    • Cells are small with thin cell walls, large nuclei, and no vacuoles.
    • Function: Produce new cells for plant growth.

    Permanent Tissue

    • Produced from meristematic tissue.
    • Cells are larger with thicker cell walls, smaller nuclei and vacuoles.
    • Cells do not divide.

    Organ

    • A structure made up of different tissues that work together for a specific function.
    • Examples: Roots, stems, leaves, stomach.

    Organ System

    • A group of organs that work together to carry out a life function.
    • Examples: Digestive system, root system, shoot system.

    Organism

    • A living being made up of many organ systems working together.

    Animal Tissues

    • Four main types: Epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Forms a protective outer layer for the body and lines organs.
    • Cells are tightly packed with different shapes:
      • Squamous: Flat and protective, like skin cells.
      • Cuboidal: Cube-shaped for absorption, like kidney tubules.
      • Columnar: Tall and cylindrical for secretion, like stomach and intestines.
      • Ciliated: Columnar cells with cilia for movement, like windpipe lining.

    Muscular Tissue

    • Allows movement through contraction and relaxation.
    • Three types:
      • Striated (skeletal): Voluntary movement attached to bones.
      • Unstriated (smooth): Involuntary movement in organs like stomach and blood vessels.
      • Cardiac: Found only in the heart for involuntary pumping.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Made of neurons (nerve cells) for communication.
    • Neuron structure:
      • Cell body (cyton): Contains nucleus.
      • Dendrites: Short branches receiving signals.
      • Axon: Long tube-like structure transmitting signals.

    Connective Tissue

    • Connects, supports, and protects organs.
    • Cells embedded in a matrix (non-living material).
    • Types:
      • Connective tissue proper:
        • Areolar: Packaging tissue binding skin to underlying parts.
        • Adipose: Stores fat for insulation and energy.
        • Tendons: Connect muscles to bones, strong and non-elastic.
        • Ligaments: Connect bones to bones, strong and elastic.
      • Skeletal tissue:
        • Cartilage: Flexible, found in nose, ears, and joints.
        • Bone: Hard and strong due to calcium phosphate, provides support and movement.
      • Fluid connective tissue:
        • Blood: Liquid matrix (plasma) with red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Transports nutrients, oxygen, waste, and fights infection.
        • Lymph: Similar to blood but without red blood cells, carries immune cells and waste.

    Plant Tissues

    • Two main types:
      • Meristematic: Actively dividing cells for growth.
      • Permanent: Non-dividing cells derived from meristematic tissues.

    Permanent Tissues (Plant)

    • Types based on origin:
      • Dermal: Outermost layer for protection, absorption, and gas exchange.
      • Vascular: Conducting tissues (xylem, phloem) for transporting water, minerals, and food.
      • Ground: Fundamental tissue for support, photosynthesis, and food storage.
    • Types based on cell type:
      • Simple:
        • Parenchyma: Thin-walled, living cells for storage and photosynthesis.
        • Collenchyma: Thick-walled at corners for support.
        • Sclerenchyma: Thick-walled, dead cells for strength and support.
      • Complex:
        • Xylem: Transports water and minerals upwards.
        • Phloem: Transports food throughout the plant.

    Tissues

    • A group of similar cells specialized for a specific function.
    • Examples: muscle tissue and skin tissue.

    Organ

    • A differentiated structure composed of various tissues, working to perform specific functions.
    • Example: Stomach

    Meristematic Tissue

    • Actively dividing cells found at growing points in plants (tip of roots, stems, and branches).
    • Role: To divide and produce more cells, leading to plant growth.
    • Differences from Permanent Tissues: Smaller size, thinner cell walls, large nuclei, absence of vacuoles, active division.

    Green Gram Seeds

    • Used to demonstrate meristematic tissue.
    • Soaked seeds develop sprouts that grow rapidly due to meristematic tissue at the root tip.

    Conducting Tissue (Vascular Tissue)

    • Composed of xylem and phloem.
    • Responsible for transporting substances within the plant.

    Collenchyma Tissue

    • Composed of elongated cells with thickened corners.

    Parenchyma

    • Composed of large, thin-walled cells.

    Xylem

    • Transportation of water and minerals absorbed by the roots to other parts of the plant.
    • Composed mainly of dead cells.
    • Unidirectional conduction (upwards from the roots).

    Phloem

    • Transportation of food manufactured in leaves to other plant parts.
    • Consists mainly of living cells.
    • Bidirectional conduction (both upwards and downwards from the leaves).

    Characteristics of Meristematic Tissue

    • Small cells
    • Thin cell walls
    • Large, conspicuous nuclei
    • Almost no vacuoles
    • Actively dividing cells

    Xylem Components

    • Tracheids
    • Vessels
    • Xylem parenchyma
    • Xylem fibers

    Phloem Components

    • Sieve tubes
    • Companion cells
    • Phloem parenchyma
    • Phloem fibers

    Animal Tissues

    • Specialized cells organized into four basic types: epithelial, muscular, nervous, and connective.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Covers the body's surface and lines internal cavities and organs.
    • Functions: protection, secretion, absorption.
    • Types:
      • Squamous epithelium: Flattened, polygonal cells (e.g., outer layer of skin).
      • Cuboidal epithelium: Cube-like cells (e.g., lining of kidney tubules).
      • Columnar epithelium: Tall, vertically arranged, cylindrical cells (e.g., lining of stomach and intestine).
      • Ciliated epithelium: Columnar epithelium with cilia (e.g., lining of windpipe and oviduct).

    Muscular Tissue

    • Responsible for movement through contraction and relaxation.
    • Types:
      • Striated muscles (Skeletal muscles): Voluntary muscles attached to bones (e.g. arms, legs, face).
      • Unstrained muscles (Smooth muscles): Involuntary muscles found in internal organs (e.g., intestinal walls, iris of the eye).
      • Cardiac muscles: Involuntary muscles found only in the heart.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Composed of neurons (nerve cells).
    • Functions: transmission of messages to and from the brain.
    • Parts of a Neuron:
      • Cell body (cyton): Contains the nucleus.
      • Dendrons: Short, branching structures extending from the cell body.
      • Axon: Long, tube-like part with terminal nerve endings.

    Connective Tissue

    • Composed of cells embedded in a matrix (non-living medium).
    • Types:
      • Connective tissue proper:
        • Areolar tissue: Widely distributed, binds skin to underlying parts (packaging tissue).
        • Adipose tissue: Stores fat, provides insulation (padding tissue).
        • Tendons: Tough, non-elastic structures connecting muscles to bones.
        • Ligaments: Elastic, strong structures connecting bones to other bones.
      • Skeletal tissue:
        • Cartilage: Solid connective tissue, less hard than bone, provides flexibility (e.g., nose, external ear).
        • Bone: Solid, hard connective tissue with calcium phosphate in the matrix, provides support and aids muscle movement.
      • Fluid connective tissue:
        • Blood: Fluid matrix (plasma) with red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
        • Lymph: Blood-like fluid without RBCs, surrounds body cells and protects against infections.

    Plant Tissues

    • Two main types: meristematic and permanent.

    Meristematic Tissues

    • Formative tissues composed of actively dividing cells.
    • Role: Increase plant length and width.
    • Found at growing points (root tips, stem tips, branches, and lateral sides).
    • Characteristics:
      • Small, thin-walled cells.
      • Abundant cytoplasm and large prominent nuclei.
      • Lack of intercellular spaces (cells are tightly packed).
      • Active division.
      • Give rise to permanent tissues.

    Permanent Tissues

    • Derived from meristematic tissues.
    • Form the bulk of the plant body.
    • Characteristics:
      • Cells may be larger and have thicker walls.
      • Less cytoplasm.
      • Smaller nuclei.
      • No further division.

    Permanent Tissue Classification (Origin)

    • Dermal Tissue:
      • Outermost layer of the plant body (epidermis).
      • Functions: Protection, reduction of water evaporation, absorption of water and minerals, gas exchange (stomata).
    • Vascular Tissue:
      • Responsible for transporting water, minerals, and food.
      • Composed of xylem and phloem.
      • Functions: Conduction, mechanical support.
    • Ground Tissue:
      • Found in various plant parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits).
      • Functions: Photosynthesis, food storage, support, protection.
      • Composed of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

    Permanent Tissue Classification (Cell Type)

    • Simple permanent tissues: Composed of one cell type:
      • Parenchyma: Thin-walled, living cells, stores food and participates in photosynthesis.
      • Collenchyma: Living cells with thickened corners, provides support.
      • Sclerenchyma: Thick-walled, dead cells with lignin deposition, provides strength.
    • Complex permanent tissues: Composed of more than one cell type:
      • Xylem: Contains vessels (thick-walled, tubular cells) responsible for water and mineral transport.
      • Phloem: Contains sieve tubes (tubular cells with perforated walls) responsible for food transport.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of tissues and organs in biology, including types of tissues such as meristematic and conducting tissues. Understand the definitions, examples, and functions that distinguish these critical biological structures. Test your knowledge on how similar cells come together to form complex organs and their roles in living organisms.

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