38 Questions
What is a tissue defined as?
A group of cells with similar structure and function
How many groups of tissues are there?
Four
What is the function of epithelial tissues?
To receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood supply
What is the characteristic of simple squamous epithelium?
Thin and flat
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
In the lungs
What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis of the skin?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is produced by the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin?
Keratin
What is the characteristic of stratified squamous epithelium?
Many layers of mostly flat cells
What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder?
Enabling the bladder to fill and stretch without tearing
What type of epithelium lines the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is the shape of the surface cells in the urinary bladder when it is empty?
Rounded
What is the function of the cuboidal epithelium in the kidney tubules?
Reabsorption of useful materials
What type of epithelium makes up the functional units of the thyroid gland?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the function of the microvilli in the small intestine?
Increased surface area for absorption
What is the function of the columnar cells in the small intestine?
Absorption of digestive products
What type of cell is a goblet cell?
Unicellular gland
What are the two major categories of membranes in the body?
Epithelial and connective tissue
What is the main function of the secretions produced by epithelial membranes?
To have specific functions within the body
What is the name of the fluid secreted by serous membranes?
Serous fluid
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What type of cells are found in the nervous system?
Neurons and neuroglia
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
To sweep mucus, with trapped dust and bacteria, towards the pharynx
Where are goblet cells found?
In the lining of the intestine and respiratory tract
What is the function of glands?
To produce a substance that has a function either at that site or at a more distant site
What type of gland is a salivary gland?
Exocrine gland
What is the function of mucus in the respiratory tract?
To trap dust and bacteria
What is the function of sweat glands?
To secrete sweat that is transported by ducts to the skin surface
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands have ducts, while endocrine glands do not
What happens to the bacteria that are trapped in the mucus in the respiratory tract?
They are destroyed by the hydrochloric acid in the stomach
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
To facilitate movement
What is the role of the exocrine portions of the pancreas?
To secrete digestive enzymes
What is the characteristic that all connective tissues have in common?
The presence of a matrix in addition to cells
What is the function of the gastric glands in the stomach lining?
To produce digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid
What is the role of hormones in the body?
To bring about specific effects in their target organs
What is the name of the endocrine portions of the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
What are the types of connective tissue?
Areolar, adipose, fibrous, and elastic tissue as well as blood, bone, and cartilage
What is the function of the endocrine glands?
To produce hormones that enter capillaries and circulate throughout the body
Study Notes
Tissues
- A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function
- There are four main groups of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue
Epithelial Tissue
- Found on surfaces as coverings or linings
- Receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood supply of the connective tissue beneath them
- Capable of secretion and may be called glandular epithelium, or more simply, glands
- Classified based on the type of cell, characteristic shape, and number of layers of cells
- Three distinctive shapes: squamous cells are flat, cuboidal cells are cube-shaped, and columnar cells are tall and narrow
- Terms: "simple" for a single layer of cells, and "stratified" for multiple layers of cells
Types of Epithelial Tissue
- Simple squamous epithelium: single layer of flat cells, found in alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs
- Stratified squamous epithelium: multiple layers of mostly flat cells, found in the epidermis of the skin and in the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina
- Transitional epithelium: surface cells change shape from round to squamous, found in the urinary bladder
- Simple cuboidal epithelium: single layer of cube-shaped cells, found in the thyroid gland, salivary glands, and kidney tubules
- Simple columnar epithelium: single layer of tall cells, specialized for secretion and absorption, found in the stomach lining and small intestine
- Ciliated epithelium: columnar cells with cilia on their free surfaces, found in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and large bronchial tubes
- Goblet cells: unicellular glands that secrete mucus, found in the lining of the intestine and respiratory tract
Glands
- Cells or organs that secrete something
- Unicellular glands: one cell, example is goblet cells
- Multicellular glands: made of many similar cells or a variety of cells with their secretions mingled into a collective secretion
- Exocrine glands: have ducts to take the secretion away from the gland to the site of its function, examples are salivary glands and sweat glands
- Endocrine glands: ductless glands, secretions called hormones enter capillaries and circulate throughout the body, examples are thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland
Connective Tissue
- Several kinds, including areolar, adipose, fibrous, and elastic tissue, as well as blood, bone, and cartilage
- Characterized by the presence of a matrix in addition to cells
- Matrix is a structural network or solution of nonliving intercellular material, specific to each type of connective tissue
Muscle Tissue
- Specialized for contraction
- Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
- Muscle cells shorten and bring about movement when they contract
Nerve Tissue
- Consists of nerve cells called neurons and specialized cells found only in the nervous system
- Nervous system has two divisions: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Brain and spinal cord are the organs of the CNS, made of neurons and neuroglia
Membranes
- Sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces or separate organs or parts of organs
- Produce secretions with specific functions
- Two major categories: epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes
- Epithelial membranes: serous and mucous, found in specific locations and secrete serous fluid and mucus
Learn about the characteristics and functions of tissues, specifically epithelial tissue, and its classification based on cell type and shape.
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