Biology: Tissues and Epithelial Tissue

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Questions and Answers

What is a tissue defined as?

A group of cells with different functions and similar structures

A group of cells with different structures and functions

A group of cells with similar structure and function (correct)

A group of cells with different functions and different structures

How many groups of tissues are there?

Six

Three

Five

Four (correct)

What is the function of epithelial tissues?

To provide support to the body

To receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood supply (correct)

To contract and move the body

To transmit nerve impulses

What is the characteristic of simple squamous epithelium?

Thin and flat Signup and view all the answers

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

In the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis of the skin?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin?

Keratin Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of stratified squamous epithelium?

Many layers of mostly flat cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder?

Enabling the bladder to fill and stretch without tearing Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the stomach?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the surface cells in the urinary bladder when it is empty?

Rounded Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cuboidal epithelium in the kidney tubules?

Reabsorption of useful materials Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium makes up the functional units of the thyroid gland?

Simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the microvilli in the small intestine?

Increased surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the columnar cells in the small intestine?

Absorption of digestive products Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is a goblet cell?

Unicellular gland Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major categories of membranes in the body?

Epithelial and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the secretions produced by epithelial membranes?

To have specific functions within the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid secreted by serous membranes?

Serous fluid Signup and view all the answers

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the nervous system?

Neurons and neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

To sweep mucus, with trapped dust and bacteria, towards the pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Where are goblet cells found?

In the lining of the intestine and respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glands?

To produce a substance that has a function either at that site or at a more distant site Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland is a salivary gland?

Exocrine gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mucus in the respiratory tract?

To trap dust and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sweat glands?

To secrete sweat that is transported by ducts to the skin surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands have ducts, while endocrine glands do not Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bacteria that are trapped in the mucus in the respiratory tract?

They are destroyed by the hydrochloric acid in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

To facilitate movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the exocrine portions of the pancreas?

To secrete digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that all connective tissues have in common?

The presence of a matrix in addition to cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gastric glands in the stomach lining?

To produce digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormones in the body?

To bring about specific effects in their target organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the endocrine portions of the pancreas?

Islets of Langerhans Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of connective tissue?

Areolar, adipose, fibrous, and elastic tissue as well as blood, bone, and cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endocrine glands?

To produce hormones that enter capillaries and circulate throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tissues

A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function
There are four main groups of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Found on surfaces as coverings or linings
Receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood supply of the connective tissue beneath them
Capable of secretion and may be called glandular epithelium, or more simply, glands
Classified based on the type of cell, characteristic shape, and number of layers of cells
Three distinctive shapes: squamous cells are flat, cuboidal cells are cube-shaped, and columnar cells are tall and narrow
Terms: "simple" for a single layer of cells, and "stratified" for multiple layers of cells

Types of Epithelial Tissue

Simple squamous epithelium: single layer of flat cells, found in alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs
Stratified squamous epithelium: multiple layers of mostly flat cells, found in the epidermis of the skin and in the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina
Transitional epithelium: surface cells change shape from round to squamous, found in the urinary bladder
Simple cuboidal epithelium: single layer of cube-shaped cells, found in the thyroid gland, salivary glands, and kidney tubules
Simple columnar epithelium: single layer of tall cells, specialized for secretion and absorption, found in the stomach lining and small intestine
Ciliated epithelium: columnar cells with cilia on their free surfaces, found in the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, and large bronchial tubes
Goblet cells: unicellular glands that secrete mucus, found in the lining of the intestine and respiratory tract

Glands

Cells or organs that secrete something
Unicellular glands: one cell, example is goblet cells
Multicellular glands: made of many similar cells or a variety of cells with their secretions mingled into a collective secretion
Exocrine glands: have ducts to take the secretion away from the gland to the site of its function, examples are salivary glands and sweat glands
Endocrine glands: ductless glands, secretions called hormones enter capillaries and circulate throughout the body, examples are thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland

Connective Tissue

Several kinds, including areolar, adipose, fibrous, and elastic tissue, as well as blood, bone, and cartilage
Characterized by the presence of a matrix in addition to cells
Matrix is a structural network or solution of nonliving intercellular material, specific to each type of connective tissue

Muscle Tissue

Specialized for contraction
Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Muscle cells shorten and bring about movement when they contract

Nerve Tissue

Consists of nerve cells called neurons and specialized cells found only in the nervous system
Nervous system has two divisions: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Brain and spinal cord are the organs of the CNS, made of neurons and neuroglia

Membranes

Sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces or separate organs or parts of organs
Produce secretions with specific functions
Two major categories: epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes
Epithelial membranes: serous and mucous, found in specific locations and secrete serous fluid and mucus

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Description

Learn about the characteristics and functions of tissues, specifically epithelial tissue, and its classification based on cell type and shape.