Biology: The Six Kingdoms of Life Review

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Questions and Answers

List the six kingdoms of living things.

Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria

List the three domains of life.

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What term describes organisms that can move on their own?

Motile

What is the term for organisms that can produce their own energy, usually by photosynthesis?

<p>Autotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes organisms that reproduce requiring only one parent cell?

<p>Asexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have membrane-bound organelles, especially a nucleus?

<p>Eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have no membrane-bound organelles?

<p>Prokaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for organisms made of more than one cell?

<p>Multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for organisms made of only one cell?

<p>Unicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for organisms that must get their energy from outside their bodies, usually by eating?

<p>Heterotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system of classification can apply to organisms that are alive today and organisms that are now extinct.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system of classification can add new scientific discoveries.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system of classification organizes organisms by groups according to their similarities and evolutionary history.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system of classification was first developed by Linnaeus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants carry out photosynthesis. This means they are ___________.

<p>Autotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential energy molecule (sugar) does photosynthesis produce?

<p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential gas do plants remove from the atmosphere?

<p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The domain Eukarya matches with what kingdoms?

<p>Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Archaea matches with what kingdom?

<p>Archaebacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the cell walls of some protists like the cell walls of plants?

<p>Both plants and protists have cell walls made of cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cell walls contain chitin and cannot move?

<p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for prokaryotic organisms that live in you and produce yogurt and cheese?

<p>Eubacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are multicellular autotrophs with chloroplasts whose cell walls contain cellulose, and are the foundation of food webs?

<p>Plantae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are prokaryotes that live in extreme environments?

<p>Archaebacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls or chloroplasts that can move?

<p>Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that show the widest variety of characteristics?

<p>Protista</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the classification system?

<p>Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Six Kingdoms of Life

All living organisms are categorized into six major groups, including plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaebacteria, and eubacteria.

Three Domains of Life

The classification system consists of three major groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Motile Organisms

Organisms that can move independently, like animals.

Autotrophic Organisms

Organisms capable of producing their own energy, mainly through photosynthesis, like plants.

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Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving a single parent cell, resulting in offspring identical to the parent.

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Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Cells lacking membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, found in bacteria and archaebacteria.

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Multicellular Organisms

Organisms composed of multiple cells, working together in a coordinated way.

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Unicellular Organisms

Organisms consisting of only one cell, performing all life functions within a single unit.

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Heterotrophic Organisms

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, including animals and fungi.

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Classification System

A hierarchical system organizing all living organisms, based on similarities and evolutionary history.

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Photosynthesis

The process used by plants and some protists to convert sunlight into energy, producing glucose as a fuel source.

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Glucose

The primary energy molecule produced during photosynthesis, essential for all living organisms.

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CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)

A gas absorbed by plants during photosynthesis, playing a vital role in carbon cycling.

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Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms with chitin in their cell walls, heterotrophic, and non-motile, often decomposers.

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Eubacteria

Prokaryotic organisms involved in various processes like yogurt and cheese production, and found in humans.

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Plantae (Plants)

Multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes containing chloroplasts, forming the base of most food webs.

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Archaebacteria

Prokaryotes that inhabit extreme environments, such as hot springs or salty lakes.

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Animalia (Animals)

Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that lack cell walls and chloroplasts, capable of movement.

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Protista

A diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, including unicellular and multicellular forms, exhibiting a wide range of characteristics.

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Classification Hierarchy

The order of the biological classification system, starting from the broadest category.

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Domain

The broadest category in the classification hierarchy, encompassing all living organisms.

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Kingdom

The second level in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with similar characteristics.

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Phylum

The third level in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with similar properties.

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Class

The fourth level in the classification hierarchy, further dividing organisms within a Phylum.

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Order

The fifth level in the classification hierarchy, grouping organisms with similar traits.

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Family

The sixth level in the classification hierarchy, grouping closely related organisms.

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Genus

The seventh level in the classification hierarchy, grouping closely related organisms.

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Species

The most specific level in the classification hierarchy, representing a group of organisms capable of interbreeding.

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Study Notes

Six Kingdoms of Life

  • Living organisms are classified into six kingdoms: Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, and Eubacteria.
  • Plants and some protists possess cell walls made of cellulose.

Three Domains

  • Life is categorized into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
  • The domain Eukarya includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Organism Characteristics

  • Motile organisms can move independently.
  • Autotrophic organisms produce their own energy, primarily through photosynthesis.
  • Asexual reproduction requires only one parent cell.
  • Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
  • Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Cell Structure

  • Multicellular organisms are composed of multiple cells, while unicellular organisms consist of a single cell.

Energy Acquisition

  • Heterotrophic organisms obtain energy by consuming other sources, unlike autotrophs.

Classification System

  • The classification system applies to both living and extinct organisms, allowing for the incorporation of new scientific discoveries.
  • Organisms are organized based on similarities and evolutionary history.
  • The system was refined by Linnaeus, but his work was not the initial development of classification.

Photosynthesis

  • Plants are autotrophic because they perform photosynthesis, producing glucose as an essential energy molecule.
  • Plants absorb CO2, contributing to the atmospheric balance.

Kingdom Characteristics

  • Fungi: Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, with chitin in cell walls, and non-motile.
  • Eubacteria: Prokaryotic organisms involved in yogurt and cheese production, existing within humans.
  • Plantae: Multicellular autotrophs with chloroplasts that form the base of food webs.
  • Archaebacteria: Prokaryotes that inhabit extreme environments.
  • Animalia: Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes that lack cell walls and chloroplasts and are capable of movement.
  • Protista: A diverse group consisting of unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes representing a wide range of characteristics.

Classification Hierarchy

  • The correct order of the biological classification system is: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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