Biology: The Cell Structure and Gene Expression

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Questions and Answers

What are the basic living, structural, and functional units of the body?

  • Mitochondria
  • Prokaryotic cells
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Lysosomes

What is the main role of the plasma membrane in a typical cell?

  • Cell division
  • Energy production
  • Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell (correct)
  • Storage of genetic material

Which component is responsible for the production of energy in a typical cell?

  • Mitochondrion (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid found in cells?

<p>Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of the DNA replication process?

<p>Production of two new DNA molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene in the context of cells?

<p>A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes a gene product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alleles?

<p>Forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of genetic variation?

<p>Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are introns in the context of genetics?

<p>Intervening sequences meaning regions that are part of the gene but do not code for a protein product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?

<p>To bring amino acids to mRNA on ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones alter the transcription of DNA by binding with receptors in the nucleus?

<p>Insulin, thyroid hormone, glucagon, and glucocorticoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of RNA splicing?

<p>Involves the removal of introns that do not code for protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the levels of active protein be regulated after translation?

<p>By mechanisms such as proteolysis and addition of chemical groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

<p>Programmed cell death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does nutrigenomics focus on?

<p>Environmental factors affecting gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrigenetics concerned with?

<p>Detecting gene variants within an individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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