Biology: The Cell Structure and Gene Expression

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What are the basic living, structural, and functional units of the body?

Mitochondria

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells (correct)

Lysosomes

What is the main role of the plasma membrane in a typical cell?

Cell division

Energy production

Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell (correct)

Storage of genetic material

Which component is responsible for the production of energy in a typical cell?

Mitochondrion (correct)

Golgi apparatus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid found in cells?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of the DNA replication process?

Production of two new DNA molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene in the context of cells?

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes a gene product Signup and view all the answers

What are alleles?

Forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of genetic variation?

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Signup and view all the answers

What are introns in the context of genetics?

Intervening sequences meaning regions that are part of the gene but do not code for a protein product Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?

To bring amino acids to mRNA on ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones alter the transcription of DNA by binding with receptors in the nucleus?

Insulin, thyroid hormone, glucagon, and glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of RNA splicing?

Involves the removal of introns that do not code for protein Signup and view all the answers

How can the levels of active protein be regulated after translation?

By mechanisms such as proteolysis and addition of chemical groups Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

What does nutrigenomics focus on?

Environmental factors affecting gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrigenetics concerned with?

Detecting gene variants within an individual Signup and view all the answers

Biology: The Cell Structure and Gene Expression

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Questions and Answers

What are the basic living, structural, and functional units of the body?

What is the main role of the plasma membrane in a typical cell?

Which component is responsible for the production of energy in a typical cell?

Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid found in cells?