Biology: The Cell Structure and Gene Expression
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Questions and Answers

What are the basic living, structural, and functional units of the body?

  • Mitochondria
  • Prokaryotic cells
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Lysosomes

    • What is the main role of the plasma membrane in a typical cell?

  • Cell division
  • Energy production
  • Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell (correct)
  • Storage of genetic material

    • Which component is responsible for the production of energy in a typical cell?

  • Mitochondrion (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Nucleus

    • Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid found in cells?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of the DNA replication process?

    <p>Production of two new DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gene in the context of cells?

    <p>A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes a gene product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alleles?

    <p>Forms of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of genetic variation?

    <p>Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are introns in the context of genetics?

    <p>Intervening sequences meaning regions that are part of the gene but do not code for a protein product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?

    <p>To bring amino acids to mRNA on ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones alter the transcription of DNA by binding with receptors in the nucleus?

    <p>Insulin, thyroid hormone, glucagon, and glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of RNA splicing?

    <p>Involves the removal of introns that do not code for protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the levels of active protein be regulated after translation?

    <p>By mechanisms such as proteolysis and addition of chemical groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is apoptosis?

    <p>Programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does nutrigenomics focus on?

    <p>Environmental factors affecting gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nutrigenetics concerned with?

    <p>Detecting gene variants within an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

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