Biology Lecture #1: The Cell Review & Gene Expression
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

  • Energy production and storage
  • Nucleic acid synthesis
  • Protein synthesis
  • Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell (correct)

Which component of a typical cell is responsible for the synthesis of daughter DNA molecules during cell replication?

  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Mitochondrion
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the term for a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytoplasmic matrix
  • Lysosome
  • Gene (correct)

During which process is mRNA created from a sequence of one DNA strand?

<p>Protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is formed from units of nucleotides or bases?

<p>Nucleic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do alleles represent in terms of genes?

<p>Different forms of the same gene with small differences in their DNA sequence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variation is the most common?

<p>Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of introns in a gene?

<p>Part of the gene but do not code for a protein product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what level does post-transcriptional control of gene expression occur?

<p>RNA level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nutrigenetics?

<p>Detecting gene variants within an individual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of the DNA replication process?

<p>Two new DNA chains join with the two chains from the parent molecule to produce two new DNA molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes in a cell?

<p>Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During protein synthesis, where does mRNA originate from?

<p>A sequence of one DNA strand in the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a eukaryotic cell has a defined nucleus and evolved from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the macromolecules formed from units of nucleotides or bases in both DNA and RNA?

<p>Adenine, guanine, cytosine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism for apoptosis?

<p>Cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the removal of introns that do not code for a protein?

<p>RNA splicing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones can alter the transcription of DNA by binding with receptors in the nucleus?

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in terms of genetic variation?

<p>It contributes to unique physical features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of gene expression does post-translational processing of mRNA occur?

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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