Biology Lecture #1: The Cell Review & Gene Expression
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

  • Energy production and storage
  • Nucleic acid synthesis
  • Protein synthesis
  • Regulation of what enters and leaves the cell (correct)

    • Which component of a typical cell is responsible for the synthesis of daughter DNA molecules during cell replication?

  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Mitochondrion
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum

    • What is the term for a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytoplasmic matrix
  • Lysosome
  • Gene (correct)

    • During which process is mRNA created from a sequence of one DNA strand?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is formed from units of nucleotides or bases?

    <p>Nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do alleles represent in terms of genes?

    <p>Different forms of the same gene with small differences in their DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of variation is the most common?

    <p>Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of introns in a gene?

    <p>Part of the gene but do not code for a protein product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level does post-transcriptional control of gene expression occur?

    <p>RNA level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nutrigenetics?

    <p>Detecting gene variants within an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of the DNA replication process?

    <p>Two new DNA chains join with the two chains from the parent molecule to produce two new DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes in a cell?

    <p>Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During protein synthesis, where does mRNA originate from?

    <p>A sequence of one DNA strand in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a eukaryotic cell has a defined nucleus and evolved from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the macromolecules formed from units of nucleotides or bases in both DNA and RNA?

    <p>Adenine, guanine, cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism for apoptosis?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the removal of introns that do not code for a protein?

    <p>RNA splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones can alter the transcription of DNA by binding with receptors in the nucleus?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in terms of genetic variation?

    <p>It contributes to unique physical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of gene expression does post-translational processing of mRNA occur?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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