Biology Test 1 Review - Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5

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Questions and Answers

A response is an organism's reaction to _____

stimulus

All animals are:

Multicellular

Prokaryotes

Both A and C are correct (correct)

Eukaryotes

Organisms that acquire energy from other organisms are called?

heterotrophs

In multicellular organisms, organs are composed of different _ and organized into _

tissues, organ systems Signup and view all the answers

What substance carries hereditary information in cells?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What substance carries energy to maintain cellular life?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

The maintenance of conditions (like temperature and water content) inside a living organism is called _____

homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What are changes in the DNA of an organism called?

mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that species change over time called?

evolution Signup and view all the answers

Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus are called?

eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

In the binomial name, Trypanosoma brucei, what does the first term refer to?

genus Signup and view all the answers

Polysaccharides are long-chain polymers of _____

glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organic molecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Fructose is a:

Component of sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What are disaccharides?

Two monosaccharide units linked by the loss of water Signup and view all the answers

The hydrolysis of carbohydrates results in the production of?

simple sugars Signup and view all the answers

Animal carbohydrates are stored in the form of?

glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Fats and oils are constructed from?

Glycerol and fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

The term lipid is applied to?

Fats and steroids Signup and view all the answers

Lipids catalyze biochemical reactions of synthesis and hydrolysis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are polymers of?

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Proteins form the genetic code with DNA and RNA.

False Signup and view all the answers

A distinguishing feature of amino acids is that they always contain?

nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

The denaturation of a protein is caused by heat or heavy metal ions.

True Signup and view all the answers

If a cell manufactures a protein, this protein might be used as?

Any of these choices Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Characteristics of Living Things (Chapter 1)

A response indicates how an organism reacts to a stimulus.
All animals are classified as eukaryotes and multicellular organisms.
Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain energy from other organisms.
In multicellular organisms, organs are formed from various tissues and are structured into organ systems.
Newly discovered species might be classified into orders within a broader class.
DNA stores hereditary information, while ATP is crucial for energy maintenance in cells.
Taxonomic hierarchy is organized as: Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.
Homeostasis refers to the regulation of internal conditions such as temperature and water balance.
Changes in an organism's DNA are termed mutations, which can impact the organism's traits.
The concept of evolution describes how species change over time, not individuals.
Eukaryotes are characterized by having cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.
In the binomial nomenclature Trypanosoma brucei, the first term refers to genus, and the second term denotes species.

Biochemistry (Organic Molecules - Chapter 3)

Polysaccharides like starch, glycogen, and cellulose are long polymers made from glucose.
Monosaccharides are organic molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Fructose is a component of sucrose, while disaccharides consist of two linked monosaccharide units via dehydration.
Hydrolysis of carbohydrates yields simple sugars as products.
Animals store carbohydrates mainly as glycogen.
Fats and oils are comprised of glycerol and fatty acids.
The term lipid includes substances such as fats and steroids, but lipids do not catalyze biochemical reactions, unlike enzymes.
Proteins are formed from amino acids, which are fundamental for many cellular processes.
Not all functions of proteins include forming the genetic code; they mainly play roles in structure, enzymatic reactions, and regulation.
A unique aspect of amino acids is the presence of nitrogen.
Denaturation of proteins can occur due to heat or heavy metal ions and might not always be reversible.
A synthesizing cell can use proteins as enzymes, hormones, or structural materials, showing their versatile nature.

Importance of Water

Water's necessity in the body stems from its myriad of functions, including acting as a solvent, temperature regulator, and participant in metabolic reactions.

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Description

Prepare for Test 1 by reviewing key concepts from lectures and chapters covering the characteristics of living things, biochemistry, cell structure, and plasma membrane transport. This quiz includes questions based on self-study units and textbook readings from Weeks 2 to 5. Ensure you're well-versed in the material to excel in your upcoming test.