Biology Test 1 & 2 Summary

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Questions and Answers

Match the term with its correct definition:

Prokaryotes = Cells that lack membrane-bound nucleus and organelles Eukaryotes = Cells that have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles Unicellular = Organisms made up of one cell Multicellular = Organisms made up of many cells

Match the levels of organization with their descriptions:

Cells = Smallest structural and functional unit of an organism Tissue = A group of cells that have similar structure and function together Organ = A collection of tissues performing a specific function Organ System = A group of organs working together for a specific function

Match the characteristic of life with its explanation:

Cells = The smallest unit that can perform all life processes Response to stimulus = Organisms react to changes in their environment Growth = Increase in size and development during life Reproduction = The ability to produce new individuals of the same kind

Match the type of organism with its example:

Prokaryotic = Bacteria Eukaryotic = Humans Unicellular = Amoeba Multicellular = Trees Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of cell with its function:

Eukaryotic cell = Contains organelles performing specific functions Prokaryotic cell = Single-celled organism without organelles Tissue = Group of cells performing a similar function Organ = Collection of tissues forming a functional unit Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their characteristics:

Stem Cells = Can become different types of cells Cancer Cells = Grow uncontrollably and can form tumors Muscle Cells = Specialized for contraction Skin Cells = Protective layer of the body Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to reproduction with their descriptions:

Asexual Reproduction = Offspring arise from a single parent Sexual Reproduction = Offspring arise from two parents Budding = A form of asexual reproduction Fertilization = The union of sperm and egg Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of evolution with their correct definitions:

Genetic Variation = Variations of DNA within a population Natural Selection = Organisms with favorable traits reproduce more Adaptations = Traits improving survival chances Reproduction of Survivors = Offspring inherit favorable traits Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their meanings:

Stimulus = An event that evokes a specific reaction Adaptation = Change of a species to better suit its environment Trait = Characteristic encoded by genes Mutation = Change in DNA sequence Signup and view all the answers

Match the classification levels with their descriptions:

Domain = The largest grouping of organisms Kingdom = Group of related phyla Phylum = Group of related classes Species = Group of individuals that can interbreed Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics of life with their definitions:

Cell Differentiation = Results in cell specialization Reproduction = Process of producing offspring Homeostasis = Maintaining a stable internal environment Metabolism = Chemical processes to maintain life Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their relationship to living organisms:

Virus = Not alive due to missing characteristics Fire = Does not possess all living characteristics Mammals = Organisms with all seven characteristics Plants = Organisms capable of photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their scientific organization:

Classification = Arrangement based on similarities Organism = Individual living entity Species = Specific group within a genus Taxonomy = Science of naming and classifying organisms Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary functions:

Mitochondrion = Energy center of the cells Plastid = Contains its own DNA Chloroplasts = Uses sunlight to make food Nucleus = Control center of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with the correct terms:

Atom = Basic unit of an element Ion = Particle with an unequal number of protons and electrons Element = Substance that cannot be broken down Molecule = Particles made of bonded atoms Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Biochemistry = Study of chemicals related to living things Matter = Physical materials that have mass Chemical bonds = Forces that hold atoms together Protons = Positively charged particles in an atom Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of molecules with their characteristics:

Polar molecules = Uneven charge distribution Nonpolar molecules = Even charge distribution Compounds = Made of different types of atoms Molecules = Made of bonded atoms, same or different Signup and view all the answers

Match the following common elements in living things with their symbols:

Sulphur = S Phosphorus = P Carbon = C Oxygen = O Signup and view all the answers

Match the following particles with their properties:

Protons = Positive charge Neutrons = No charge Electrons = Negative charge Ions = Charged particles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientific fields with their studies:

Chemistry = Study of matter Biology = Study of life Physics = Study of energy Biochemistry = Study of chemicals in living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with the type of cells they are found in:

Mitochondrion = Eukaryotic cells Chloroplasts = Plant cells and some algae Nucleus = Eukaryotic cells Ribosomes = Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biological classifications with their descriptions:

Kingdom = Largest classification category including major groups like animals and plants Phylum = Groupings based on physical characteristics, such as having a spinal cord Species = A population of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Genus = A grouping of closely related species, often referred to as a larger family Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms in binomial nomenclature with their meanings:

Genus = First part of the scientific name, indicating a larger family Specific epithet = Second part of the scientific name, indicating a specific species Binomial nomenclature = System of naming organisms using two terms Nomenclature = A systematic way to classify and name living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Match the organism classification levels from most to least complex:

Kingdom = 1 Phylum = 2 Class = 3 Species = 4 Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist with their theory:

Lamarck = Organisms can pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring Darwin = Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution Mendel = Foundation of genetics through experiments with pea plants Wallace = Co-theorizer of natural selection alongside Darwin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organism classifications with their examples:

Class = Mammals Order = Primates Family = Hominidae Genus = Homo Signup and view all the answers

Match the level of classification with the correct description:

Family = Closest related species Order = Smaller groups within classes Class = Groupings like mammals, birds, and insects Phylum = Group with a common feature, such as having a notochord Signup and view all the answers

Match the group of organisms with their characteristics:

Eukaryota = Includes kingdoms like animals and plants Archaea = Microorganisms that are often extremophiles Bacteria = Single-celled organisms without a nucleus Fungi = Eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients through decomposition Signup and view all the answers

Match the term related to species with its definition:

Interbreeding = The ability to breed between species and produce viable offspring Fertile offspring = Offspring that can reproduce successfully Population = Group of individuals of the same species in a given area Common characteristics = Traits shared among members of a species or larger classification Signup and view all the answers

Match the metric units with their respective measurements:

Meter = Length Gram = Mass Liter = Volume Second = Time Signup and view all the answers

Match the metric prefixes with their values:

Mega- = 1,000,000 Kilo- = 1,000 Centi- = 0.01 Milli- = 0.001 Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of graphs with their main usage:

Bar graph = Comparing different items Line graph = Examining one object over time Pie chart = Showing proportions Scatter plot = Displaying correlation between two variables Signup and view all the answers

Match the ocular and objective lens magnifications:

Ocular lens = 10x magnification Scanning power = 4x magnification Low power = 10x magnification High power = 40x magnification Signup and view all the answers

Match the microscope characteristics with their types:

Low Power = Less magnification, larger field of vision High Power = More magnification, smaller field of vision Total magnification = Multiply ocular and objective magnification Inversion = View is upside down in compound microscope Signup and view all the answers

Match the statements to the cell types:

Prokaryote = No membrane-bound nucleus Eukaryote = Membrane-bound nucleus Bacteria = Prokaryotic cells Plants = Eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the aspects of cell theory with their descriptions:

All living things are made of cells = Basic unit of life Cells carry out all functions of life = Metabolism, growth, reproduction All cells come from preexisting cells = Cell division Cells contain genetic material = DNA or RNA present Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of unicellular and colonial organisms:

Unicellular = Made of one cell Colonial = Many cells loosely attached Multicellular = Complex organization Motile = Ability to move from one location to another Signup and view all the answers

Match the evidence of the endosymbiotic theory with its descriptions:

Circular DNA = Prokaryotic structure Two membranes = Endosymbiotic features Similar size to bacteria = Evidence of origin Genetically close to bacteria = Evolutionary relationship Signup and view all the answers

Match the comparison between low power and high power microscopes:

Low power = Larger field of vision High power = Greater resolution Adjustment knobs = Both knobs used Focusing = Fine adjustment only Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell structures with their primary functions:

Plasma membrane = Surrounds and protects the cell, regulates entry and exit of materials Cell wall = Provides strength and structure to plant cells Nucleus = Controls cell processes and contains genetic material Ribosomes = Synthesizes proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their specific characteristics:

Plant cells = Have a cell wall and large vacuole Animal cells = Lack cell walls and have centrioles for division Eukaryotic cells = Contain membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cells = Lack a membrane-bound nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the cytoskeleton with their descriptions:

Microtubules = Hollow tubes that help maintain cell shape Microfilaments = Thin threads that are involved in cell division Intermediate filaments = Coiled rods that anchor organelles Cytoskeleton = Network providing structural support for the cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles to their specific roles:

Golgi apparatus = Processes and packages proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum = Internal membrane transport system Lysosome = Digestive sac that breaks down waste materials Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell, produces energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular components with their functions:

Cilia = Short hair-like structures for movement Flagella = Long tail-like structures for propulsion Vesicle = Spherical sac for transporting materials Chromatin = Unwound DNA present in eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their cellular classification:

Ribosomes = Present in all cell types Lysosomes = Found exclusively in animal cells Chloroplast = Found in plant cells for photosynthesis Nucleus = Found in all eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their corresponding terms:

Cytoplasm = Fluid material within the cell membrane Nuclear Envelope = Double membrane surrounding nucleus Chromosomes = Thread of DNA and protein containing genetic information Cytosol = Liquid portion of cytoplasm without large organelles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of Endoplasmic Reticulum with their characteristics:

Rough ER = Has ribosomes on its surface for protein synthesis Smooth ER = Involved in lipid transport and detoxification Golgi apparatus = Processes and ships proteins from the ER Vesicles = Transport materials within the cell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following roles with the respective cell structure:

Centrioles = Organize microtubules for cell division in animal cells Cell wall = Provides rigidity to plant cells Vacuole = Stores nutrients and waste products in plant cells Nucleolus = Site of ribosome production within the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Match cell components with their organisms:

Cilia = Eukaryotic cells only Chromatin = Found in all eukaryotic cells Centrioles = Found only in animal cells Plasma membrane = Present in all types of cells Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a cell?

The smallest unit that can perform all of life's processes.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Cells lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.