Biology Tenth Edition: Biological Molecules Introduction

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes living matter from non-living matter?

  • Presence of hydrogen-based compounds
  • Presence of nitrogen-based compounds
  • Presence of carbon-based compounds (correct)
  • Presence of oxygen-based compounds

What is the study of compounds that contain carbon known as?

  • Organic chemistry (correct)
  • Physical chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Inorganic chemistry

Which chemical groups are the components of organic molecules most involved in chemical reactions?

  • Functional groups (correct)
  • Inert gases
  • Electrolytes
  • Alkali metals

What feature makes estradiol and testosterone different while sharing a common carbon skeleton?

<p>Different functional groups attached to carbon rings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives each organic molecule its unique properties?

<p>Number and arrangement of functional groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements?

<p>Isomers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is found in amino acids like glycine?

<p>Carboxyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound contains a phosphate group that participates in important cellular reactions?

<p>Organic phosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound has a sulfhydryl group that can form 'cross-links' stabilizing protein structure?

<p>Thiol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom?

<p>Hydrogen bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which compound does a methyl group affect gene expression and sex hormone function?

<p>Methylated compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound's ionized form is found in cells and contributes a negative charge?

<p>Organic phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is found in glucose?

<p>Hydroxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is characteristic of a ketose sugar?

<p>Carbonyl group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond can the hydroxyl group form with water?

<p>Hydrogen bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group contributes to the sour taste of acetic acid?

<p>Carboxyl group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group consists of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms?

<p>Amino group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group is composed of a carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom?

<p>Carbonyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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