Biology Taxonomy Quiz

Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms, while phylogeny is the study of their evolutionary history.

The two-kingdom classification system oversimplified the diversity of life and failed to distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

Linnaeus developed the binomial nomenclature system and established the taxonomic hierarchy to classify organisms.

<p>The three-domain system better reflects the genetic differences among organisms and incorporates prokaryotic life forms into distinct domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes with peptidoglycan cell walls, Archaea are unicellular prokaryotes that often thrive in extreme environments, and Eukarya consists of multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes with membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific names provide a universal naming system to avoid confusion, and they are formatted using binomial nomenclature, with the genus name capitalized and the species epithet italicized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major taxa are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A culture is a growth of microorganisms, a clone is a population of identical cells derived from a single cell, and a strain is a genetic variant within a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bergey's Manual serves as a comprehensive reference for the classification and identification of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staining allows for visualization of bacterial characteristics, while biochemical tests reveal metabolic properties that differentiate species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strain is a group of bacterial cells derived from a single parent cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linnaeus divided organisms into two kingdoms: Plantae and Animalia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whittaker's classification is based on phylogenetic hierarchy, reflecting organisms' evolution from common ancestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three domains are Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protista includes a variety of unicellular organisms that can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bergey’s Manual is used for the identification of prokaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphology and size of cells are two physical characteristics used for classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical tests determine enzymatic activities and the ability to utilize or produce specific chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The EnteroPluri Test is a rapid identification method for bacteria using one tube for 15 biochemical tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea can be extreme halophiles or hyperthermophiles, which are conditions Bacteria cannot tolerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenylalanine is an amino acid tested in diagnostic procedures to determine if an organism can produce phenylalanine deaminase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arabinose fermentation indicates an organism's ability to metabolize specific sugars, often reflecting its ecological niche.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urease production tests for the ability to hydrolyze urea into ammonia, indicating certain bacterial species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The citrate test assesses whether an organism can utilize citrate as its sole carbon source, which is characteristic of Citrobacter freundii.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of H2S indicates that the organism can produce hydrogen sulfide through the reduction of sulfur-containing compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The indole test determines the organism's ability to convert tryptophan into indole, aiding in differentiating members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The V-P test detects acetoin production from glucose fermentation, helping distinguish between certain microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas production indicates fermentation activity, which is essential for determining specific metabolic pathways in bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The code number summarizes results from multiple biochemical tests for efficient comparison with known databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactose fermentation helps classify bacteria, particularly in differentiating pathogenic strains from non-pathogenic ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To study serum and immune responses, particularly the formation of antibodies against antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is based on the interaction between antigen and antibody, resulting in the clumping of the antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the percentage of guanine and cytosine in the DNA, helping to assess genetic relatedness between organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCR amplifies the DNA of microorganisms that cannot be cultured, allowing for analysis and identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A labeled antibody and a sample containing the antigen to be detected are necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides detailed information about genetic similarities and differences between organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dichotomous key guides users through a process of elimination to identify microorganisms based on specific characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key distinction is in their cell wall structures, with Gram-negative rods having a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide access to genomic data that assists researchers in comparing DNA sequences and identifying microbial species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to confirm infections, such as HIV or Lyme disease, by identifying specific antibodies in patient serum.</p> Signup and view all the answers