Biology: Subkingdom Parazoa and Phylum Porifera

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate number of living species of cnidarians?

50,000
5,000
1,000
10,000 (correct)

Where are hydras typically found?

Marine habitats
Freshwater habitats (correct)
Both marine and freshwater habitats
Terrestrial habitats

What is the body symmetry of cnidarians?

No symmetry
Radial symmetry (correct)
Asymmetrical
Bilateral symmetry

What is the level of organization of cnidarian tissues?

Tissue level (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the polyp form of cnidarians?

Sessile and cylindrical (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the medusa form of cnidarians?

Motile and bell-shaped (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of all cnidarians?

Sac-like body with a single opening (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the digestive system of cnidarians?

A single opening serving as both mouth and anus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nematocysts in coelenterates?

To capture and paralyze prey (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symmetry found in coelenterates?

Radial symmetry (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of respiration and excretion in coelenterates?

Simple diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the coelenteron in coelenterates?

To digest food (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the skeletons of coelenterates?

Composed of calcium carbonate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of food for coelenterates?

Other animals that live symbiotically within them (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of choanocytes in sponges?

To trap food particles and move water through the sponge (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gelatinous material found between the pinacoderm and choanocytes in sponges?

Mesohyl (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the subkingdom Parazoa?

Sessile, attached to the substrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the osculum in sponges?

To release waste and excess water from the sponge (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the inner layer of cells in sponges that lines the atrium?

Choanocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the subkingdom classification of the phylum Coelenterata?

Metazoa (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phylum that includes sponges?

Porifera (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of Coelenterata only has the hydroid form during their life cycle?

Actinozoa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes Metazoa from Parazoa?

Body composed of cells differentiated into tissues and organs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the genus of the species Hydra viridis?

Hydra (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cells in sponges that can phagocytize food particles?

Archaeocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the body structure of Hydra characterized by?

Small and may occur as solitary or colonial (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the body composition of jellyfish?

Their body is almost totally made of water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is absent in jellyfish?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Subkingdom: Parazoa

Phylum: Porifera
Example: Sponge
Characteristics:
Mostly marine, but some freshwater inhabitants
Sessile; permanently attached to substrate
Filter feeding
Body wall composed of:
- Pinacoderm (outer layer of flattened cells)
- Choanocytes (inner lining of flagellated cells)
- Mesohyl (gelatinous material between pinacoderm and choanocytes)
Three types of body structure: Ascon, Sycon, and Leucon

Kingdom: Animalia

Subkingdom: Metazoa

Characteristics:
Body composed of cells differentiated into tissues and organs
Digestive cavity lined with specialized cells
Divided into two groups: Diploblastica and Triploblastica

Diploblastica

Characteristics:
Two layers: ectoderm and endoderm
Non-cellular layer (mesogloea) between ectoderm and endoderm
Coelom absent

Triploblastica

Characteristics:
Three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Cellular layer (mesoderm) between ectoderm and endoderm
Coelom present

Phylum: Cnidaria (Coelenterata)

Characteristics:
Radial symmetry
Tissue level of organization
Over 10,000 living species
Both marine and freshwater habitats
Two general body forms: Polyp and Medusa
Body plan: Sac with a central digestive compartment
Single opening serving as both mouth and anus
Ring of tentacles on oral surface

General Characters

Multicellular organisms with tissue grade of organization
Diploblastic, with two layers of cells: ectoderm and endoderm
Single opening in the body for food intake and waste expulsion
Radial symmetry
Digestion occurs in the body cavity (coelenteron)
Can live in marine or freshwater habitats
Can be solitary or colonial
Each individual is a zooid
Two morphological forms: Polyps and Medusa
Most are carnivorous, with some exceptions

Phylum: Coelenterata (Cnidaria)

Class: Hydrozoa

Characteristics:
Show asexual hydroid and sexual medusoid forms during their life cycle
Examples: Hydra, Obelia

Class: Actinozoa (Anthozoa)

Characteristics:
Only have the hydroid form during their life cycle
Example: Alcyonium

Genus: Hydra

Species: viridis

Example: Hydra viridis

Body Structure of Hydra

Not specified

Characteristics of Moon Jelly

Not specified

Obelia Hydroid

Characteristics:
Prominent medusa and polyp forms

Jellyfish

Characteristics:
No eyes, nose, brain, or heart
Body is mostly made of water and is soft
No bones or spine
Invertebrate animals

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Description

Learn about the characteristics and features of the Subkingdom Parazoa, specifically the Phylum Porifera, including their habitats, body structure, and feeding methods.