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Questions and Answers
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces 4 cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as a parent cell. Mitosis produces 2 cells with 46 chromosomes.
What is a karyotype?
What is a karyotype?
A display of the 46 chromosomes of an individual.
How are homologous chromosomes related?
How are homologous chromosomes related?
Each in a pair carries the same sequence of genes controlling the same inherited characteristics.
What is different chromosomally between males and females?
What is different chromosomally between males and females?
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What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
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How is the amount of chromosomes represented?
How is the amount of chromosomes represented?
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What are the only cells in humans that are haploid?
What are the only cells in humans that are haploid?
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Define homologous chromosomes.
Define homologous chromosomes.
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Why is fertilization necessary?
Why is fertilization necessary?
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Define zygote.
Define zygote.
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What would happen if meiosis did not occur?
What would happen if meiosis did not occur?
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What are the 2 major ways meiosis is different than mitosis?
What are the 2 major ways meiosis is different than mitosis?
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When is the number of chromosomes split in half during cell division of meiosis?
When is the number of chromosomes split in half during cell division of meiosis?
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What two differences should you know when talking about what is divided?
What two differences should you know when talking about what is divided?
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What separates in Meiosis 1?
What separates in Meiosis 1?
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What separates in Meiosis 2?
What separates in Meiosis 2?
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What is a tetrad?
What is a tetrad?
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When crossover occurs, what is being exchanged between what?
When crossover occurs, what is being exchanged between what?
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What separates during Anaphase 1?
What separates during Anaphase 1?
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In Telophase/Cytokinesis 1, are the two cells produced here haploid or diploid?
In Telophase/Cytokinesis 1, are the two cells produced here haploid or diploid?
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In Anaphase 2, what moves to either poles here?
In Anaphase 2, what moves to either poles here?
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In Telophase/Cytokinesis 2, how many final cells are there? Are they haploid or diploid?
In Telophase/Cytokinesis 2, how many final cells are there? Are they haploid or diploid?
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How many chromosomes do humans have?
How many chromosomes do humans have?
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How many homologous pairs do humans have?
How many homologous pairs do humans have?
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Explain the steps in Prophase 1.
Explain the steps in Prophase 1.
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How is a diploid different?
How is a diploid different?
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How are haploids different?
How are haploids different?
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What is the diploid number?
What is the diploid number?
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What is the haploid number?
What is the haploid number?
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How many chromosomes are in an egg cell?
How many chromosomes are in an egg cell?
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How many chromosomes are in a brain cell?
How many chromosomes are in a brain cell?
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How many chromosomes are in a skin cell?
How many chromosomes are in a skin cell?
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How many pairs of homologous chromosomes?
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes?
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How many chromosomes in a cell produced by mitosis?
How many chromosomes in a cell produced by mitosis?
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How many chromosomes in a cell produced by meiosis?
How many chromosomes in a cell produced by meiosis?
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Study Notes
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
- Meiosis results in 4 cells, each with half the number of chromosomes (haploid), while mitosis produces 2 cells with the same number of chromosomes (diploid).
- Mitosis maintains chromosome number, meiosis reduces it for gamete formation.
Karyotype
- A karyotype displays the 46 chromosomes of an individual, used to analyze chromosomal abnormalities.
Homologous Chromosomes
- Homologous chromosomes are pairs that carry the same sequence of genes, controlling inherited traits, pairing during meiosis.
Chromosomal Differences in Sexes
- Females have 46 chromosomes with 23 homologous pairs; males have 46 chromosomes with one pair that is not homologous.
Haploid vs. Diploid
- Diploid cells contain two homologous sets of chromosomes (2n=46), while haploid cells have a single set (n=23), produced during meiosis.
Gametes
- Human gametes are haploid sex cells (sperm and egg) containing only one chromosome from each homologous pair.
Zygote Formation
- Fertilization merges the nuclei of haploid sperm and egg cells to form a zygote, the first cell of a new organism.
Consequences of Missing Meiosis
- Without meiosis, fertilization would produce organisms with double the number of chromosomes, leading to genetic instability.
Chromosome Separation in Meiosis
- In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate; in Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, forming haploid daughter cells in both divisions.
Tetrad and Crossover
- A tetrad consists of homologous chromosome pairs with four chromatids; crossover involves the exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids.
Chromosome Distribution in Anaphase
- During Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate; during Anaphase II, sister chromatids move to opposite poles.
Cell Division Outcomes
- Telophase/Cytokinesis I results in two haploid cells; Telophase/Cytokinesis II concludes with four haploid daughter cells.
Human Chromosome Count
- Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells, consisting of 23 homologous pairs, while gametes have 23 unpaired chromosomes.
Mitosis vs. Meiosis Products
- Mitosis yields diploid cells with 46 chromosomes, while meiosis produces haploid cells with 23 chromosomes.
Chromosomes in Specific Cells
- Egg cells contain 23 chromosomes; brain and skin cells each contain 46 chromosomes.
Homologous Pairs
- There are 23 homologous pairs in human cells, contributing to genetic diversity during reproduction.
Summary of Prophase I
- Prophase I involves tetrad formation where homologous chromosomes pair up and may undergo crossing over to exchange genetic material.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 9 of your Biology study guide. Explore important topics such as meiosis, karyotypes, and homologous chromosomes. Test your knowledge and prepare for your biology exams with these flashcards.
