Questions and Answers
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces 4 cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as a parent cell. Mitosis produces 2 cells with 46 chromosomes.
What is a karyotype?
A display of the 46 chromosomes of an individual.
How are homologous chromosomes related?
Each in a pair carries the same sequence of genes controlling the same inherited characteristics.
What is different chromosomally between males and females?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the amount of chromosomes represented?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the only cells in humans that are haploid?
Signup and view all the answers
Define homologous chromosomes.
Signup and view all the answers
Why is fertilization necessary?
Signup and view all the answers
Define zygote.
Signup and view all the answers
What would happen if meiosis did not occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the 2 major ways meiosis is different than mitosis?
Signup and view all the answers
When is the number of chromosomes split in half during cell division of meiosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What two differences should you know when talking about what is divided?
Signup and view all the answers
What separates in Meiosis 1?
Signup and view all the answers
What separates in Meiosis 2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a tetrad?
Signup and view all the answers
When crossover occurs, what is being exchanged between what?
Signup and view all the answers
What separates during Anaphase 1?
Signup and view all the answers
In Telophase/Cytokinesis 1, are the two cells produced here haploid or diploid?
Signup and view all the answers
In Anaphase 2, what moves to either poles here?
Signup and view all the answers
In Telophase/Cytokinesis 2, how many final cells are there? Are they haploid or diploid?
Signup and view all the answers
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Signup and view all the answers
How many homologous pairs do humans have?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain the steps in Prophase 1.
Signup and view all the answers
How is a diploid different?
Signup and view all the answers
How are haploids different?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the diploid number?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the haploid number?
Signup and view all the answers
How many chromosomes are in an egg cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How many chromosomes are in a brain cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How many chromosomes are in a skin cell?
Signup and view all the answers
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
How many chromosomes in a cell produced by mitosis?
Signup and view all the answers
How many chromosomes in a cell produced by meiosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Meiosis vs. Mitosis
- Meiosis results in 4 cells, each with half the number of chromosomes (haploid), while mitosis produces 2 cells with the same number of chromosomes (diploid).
- Mitosis maintains chromosome number, meiosis reduces it for gamete formation.
Karyotype
- A karyotype displays the 46 chromosomes of an individual, used to analyze chromosomal abnormalities.
Homologous Chromosomes
- Homologous chromosomes are pairs that carry the same sequence of genes, controlling inherited traits, pairing during meiosis.
Chromosomal Differences in Sexes
- Females have 46 chromosomes with 23 homologous pairs; males have 46 chromosomes with one pair that is not homologous.
Haploid vs. Diploid
- Diploid cells contain two homologous sets of chromosomes (2n=46), while haploid cells have a single set (n=23), produced during meiosis.
Gametes
- Human gametes are haploid sex cells (sperm and egg) containing only one chromosome from each homologous pair.
Zygote Formation
- Fertilization merges the nuclei of haploid sperm and egg cells to form a zygote, the first cell of a new organism.
Consequences of Missing Meiosis
- Without meiosis, fertilization would produce organisms with double the number of chromosomes, leading to genetic instability.
Chromosome Separation in Meiosis
- In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate; in Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, forming haploid daughter cells in both divisions.
Tetrad and Crossover
- A tetrad consists of homologous chromosome pairs with four chromatids; crossover involves the exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids.
Chromosome Distribution in Anaphase
- During Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate; during Anaphase II, sister chromatids move to opposite poles.
Cell Division Outcomes
- Telophase/Cytokinesis I results in two haploid cells; Telophase/Cytokinesis II concludes with four haploid daughter cells.
Human Chromosome Count
- Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells, consisting of 23 homologous pairs, while gametes have 23 unpaired chromosomes.
Mitosis vs. Meiosis Products
- Mitosis yields diploid cells with 46 chromosomes, while meiosis produces haploid cells with 23 chromosomes.
Chromosomes in Specific Cells
- Egg cells contain 23 chromosomes; brain and skin cells each contain 46 chromosomes.
Homologous Pairs
- There are 23 homologous pairs in human cells, contributing to genetic diversity during reproduction.
Summary of Prophase I
- Prophase I involves tetrad formation where homologous chromosomes pair up and may undergo crossing over to exchange genetic material.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 9 of your Biology study guide. Explore important topics such as meiosis, karyotypes, and homologous chromosomes. Test your knowledge and prepare for your biology exams with these flashcards.
