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Questions and Answers
What disease of the spinal cord is caused by a virus that destroys motor neurons?
What disease of the spinal cord is caused by a virus that destroys motor neurons?
Poliomyelitis
What are the four front teeth on each jaw that cut food?
What are the four front teeth on each jaw that cut food?
Incisors
What type of nutrient are starches and sugars?
What type of nutrient are starches and sugars?
Carbohydrates
Which of the following (ileum, jejunum, duodenum, rectum) is NOT a division of the small intestine?
Which of the following (ileum, jejunum, duodenum, rectum) is NOT a division of the small intestine?
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What are neurons that relay messages between other neurons?
What are neurons that relay messages between other neurons?
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What is the long fiber of a neuron that transmits signals from other nerve cells?
What is the long fiber of a neuron that transmits signals from other nerve cells?
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What are the fibers of a neuron that carry information toward the cell body?
What are the fibers of a neuron that carry information toward the cell body?
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What acid does the stomach produce to kill bacteria and help soften foods?
What acid does the stomach produce to kill bacteria and help soften foods?
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What is another name for the digestive tract?
What is another name for the digestive tract?
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What are the rhythmic waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system?
What are the rhythmic waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system?
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What is the hollow area of a tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels?
What is the hollow area of a tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels?
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What division of the nervous system includes the cranial and spine nerves?
What division of the nervous system includes the cranial and spine nerves?
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Which of the following (vitamin A, C, K, D) is a water-soluble vitamin?
Which of the following (vitamin A, C, K, D) is a water-soluble vitamin?
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What is the lowest part of the brain stem which controls breathing and heartbeat?
What is the lowest part of the brain stem which controls breathing and heartbeat?
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What are fats that are liquid at room temperature?
What are fats that are liquid at room temperature?
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What is the process that breaks a droplet of fat into smaller droplets?
What is the process that breaks a droplet of fat into smaller droplets?
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What are the protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord?
What are the protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord?
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What is the defective vision caused by an asymmetrically curved cornea?
What is the defective vision caused by an asymmetrically curved cornea?
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What part of the brain that functions primarily to coordinate skeletal muscle activity?
What part of the brain that functions primarily to coordinate skeletal muscle activity?
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What part of the brain that is primarily responsible for thought, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence?
What part of the brain that is primarily responsible for thought, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence?
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What is the primary organ of digestion and absorption?
What is the primary organ of digestion and absorption?
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What is a serious injury of the nervous system caused by an internal blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain?
What is a serious injury of the nervous system caused by an internal blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain?
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What are the sensory structures within the ear that contribute to balance?
What are the sensory structures within the ear that contribute to balance?
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What is the technical name for cavities?
What is the technical name for cavities?
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What is the snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that senses sound vibrations and generates nerve impulses?
What is the snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that senses sound vibrations and generates nerve impulses?
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What are neurons that carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the body parts
What are neurons that carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the body parts
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What is any junction that allows an impulse to be transmitted from a nerve cell to another cell?
What is any junction that allows an impulse to be transmitted from a nerve cell to another cell?
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What is the simplest type of nervy pathway involved in quick, automatic responses to stimuli?
What is the simplest type of nervy pathway involved in quick, automatic responses to stimuli?
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What are the tiny projections of the wall of the small intestine that help it absorb food?
What are the tiny projections of the wall of the small intestine that help it absorb food?
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What is the small flap of cartilage that keeps food out of the windpipe?
What is the small flap of cartilage that keeps food out of the windpipe?
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What is the region of the light-sensitive layer of the eye that produces the clearest vision?
What is the region of the light-sensitive layer of the eye that produces the clearest vision?
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What structure produces tears?
What structure produces tears?
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What is the transparent front portion of the eye?
What is the transparent front portion of the eye?
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What is the inner layer of the eye that detects light and produces nerve impulses?
What is the inner layer of the eye that detects light and produces nerve impulses?
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What cell type is responsible for color vision?
What cell type is responsible for color vision?
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What is the tough, white, outer layer of the eyeball?
What is the tough, white, outer layer of the eyeball?
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An open sore in the lining of the digestive tract is an ULCER.
An open sore in the lining of the digestive tract is an ULCER.
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Myelin-covered nerve fibers form the GREY matter.
Myelin-covered nerve fibers form the GREY matter.
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Bile is stored in the gallbladder but produced by the LIVER.
Bile is stored in the gallbladder but produced by the LIVER.
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The tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the PYLORIC DUCT.
The tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the PYLORIC DUCT.
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The rectum is a division of the small intestine.
The rectum is a division of the small intestine.
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What type of fats are typically liquid at room temperature?
What type of fats are typically liquid at room temperature?
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The protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord are called __________.
The protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord are called __________.
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Match the following parts of the eye with their functions:
Match the following parts of the eye with their functions:
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Myelin-covered nerve fibers are responsible for forming white matter.
Myelin-covered nerve fibers are responsible for forming white matter.
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What is the name of the process that breaks a droplet of fat into smaller droplets?
What is the name of the process that breaks a droplet of fat into smaller droplets?
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A serious injury of the nervous system caused by a blood vessel blockage in the brain is called a __________.
A serious injury of the nervous system caused by a blood vessel blockage in the brain is called a __________.
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What are the tiny projections of the wall of the small intestine that help it absorb food called?
What are the tiny projections of the wall of the small intestine that help it absorb food called?
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Which structure is primarily responsible for thought, memory, and voluntary actions?
Which structure is primarily responsible for thought, memory, and voluntary actions?
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The cochlea is responsible for balancing rather than sensing sound vibrations.
The cochlea is responsible for balancing rather than sensing sound vibrations.
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What are the protective layers of tissue that surround the brain called?
What are the protective layers of tissue that surround the brain called?
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The __________ is a serious injury caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
The __________ is a serious injury caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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What are fats that are liquid at room temperature called?
What are fats that are liquid at room temperature called?
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Motor neurons carry information from the body parts to the brain.
Motor neurons carry information from the body parts to the brain.
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What is the area of the eye that produces the clearest vision?
What is the area of the eye that produces the clearest vision?
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___________ are sensory structures within the ear that contribute to balance.
___________ are sensory structures within the ear that contribute to balance.
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Which part of the brain coordinates skeletal muscle activity?
Which part of the brain coordinates skeletal muscle activity?
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What structure in the eye is responsible for producing tears?
What structure in the eye is responsible for producing tears?
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What organ stores bile?
What organ stores bile?
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The _____ is the inner layer of the eye that detects light and produces nerve impulses.
The _____ is the inner layer of the eye that detects light and produces nerve impulses.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which function of the stomach necessitates its three muscle layers?
Which function of the stomach necessitates its three muscle layers?
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Taste and smell are considered chemical senses because they detect sound waves.
Taste and smell are considered chemical senses because they detect sound waves.
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What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
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A wave of electrical activity that transmits an impulse through a nerve is known as an _____ potential.
A wave of electrical activity that transmits an impulse through a nerve is known as an _____ potential.
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Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for personality and voluntary movement?
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for personality and voluntary movement?
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What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
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The diaphragm in a camera is analogous to the pupil in the human eye.
The diaphragm in a camera is analogous to the pupil in the human eye.
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What division of the autonomic nervous system is activated during stress?
What division of the autonomic nervous system is activated during stress?
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Enzymes are essential for digestion because digestion requires many __________ changes.
Enzymes are essential for digestion because digestion requires many __________ changes.
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Match the following parts of the autonomic nervous system with their functions:
Match the following parts of the autonomic nervous system with their functions:
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What effect does prolonged stress have on digestion?
What effect does prolonged stress have on digestion?
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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system mimics the effects of stress on the body.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system mimics the effects of stress on the body.
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What role does the parasympathetic division play in digestion?
What role does the parasympathetic division play in digestion?
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During periods of stress, the body diverts energy from digestion to the heart, lungs, and __________.
During periods of stress, the body diverts energy from digestion to the heart, lungs, and __________.
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Why are enzymes critical for digestion?
Why are enzymes critical for digestion?
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Study Notes
Biology Study Notes
- ABEKA Biology: Test 4 Focused Study Material.
- Study Material Marketplace: Stuvia offers notes, summaries, flashcards, and more for various schools and universities.
- Website: www.stuvia.com
- Polio: A viral disease of the spinal cord, destroying motor neurons.
- Incisors: Front teeth used for cutting food.
- Carbohydrates: Nutrients like starches and sugars.
- Small Intestine Divisions: Ileum, jejunum, and duodenum; the rectum is not part of the small intestine.
- Interneurons: Neurons that relay messages between other neurons.
- Axon: The long fiber of a neuron that transmits signals.
- Dendrites: Nerve fibers that carry information toward the cell body.
- Hydrochloric Acid: Stomach acid, killing bacteria and softening foods.
- Alimentary Canal: Another name for the digestive tract.
- Peristalsis: Rhythmic muscular contractions moving food through the digestive system.
- Pulp: Hollow area in a tooth with nerves and blood vessels.
- Peripheral Nervous System: Nervous system division including cranial and spinal nerves.
- Vitamin C: A water-soluble vitamin.
- Medulla Oblongata: Lowest part of the brain stem controlling breathing and heartbeat.
- Oils: Liquid fats at room temperature.
- Emulsification: Process breaking fat droplets into smaller droplets.
- Meninges: Protective tissue layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
- Astigmatism: Defective vision due to an asymmetrically curved cornea.
- Cerebellum: Brain part primarily coordinating skeletal muscle activity.
- Cerebrum: Brain part responsible for thought, memory, voluntary actions, and intelligence.
- Small Intestine: Primary organ for digestion and absorption.
- Stroke: Serious injury to the nervous system due to blood vessel blockage or rupture in the brain.
- Semicircular Canals: Sensory structures in the ear contributing to balance.
- Dental Caries: Cavities
- Cochlea: Snail-shaped inner ear structure sensing sound vibrations.
- Motor Neurons: Neurons carrying information from the brain and spinal cord to body parts.
- Synapse: Junction allowing impulse transmission between nerve cells.
- Reflex Arc: Simplest nerve pathway for quick, automatic responses to stimuli.
- Villi: Tiny projections in the small intestine absorbing food.
- Epiglottis: Flap of cartilage preventing food from entering the windpipe.
- Fovea: Region in the eye's light-sensitive layer with clearest vision.
- Lacrimal Gland: Structure producing tears.
- Cornea: Transparent front portion of the eye.
- Retina: Inner eye layer detecting light and producing nerve impulses.
- Cones: Eye cells responsible for color vision.
- Sclera: Tough, white outer layer of the eyeball.
- Ulcer: Open sore in the digestive tract lining (True).
- Grey Matter: Myelin-covered nerve fibers (False, it's white).
- Liver: Organ producing bile, stored in the gallbladder. (True).
- Esophagus: Tube connecting pharynx to the stomach, not the pyloric duct (False).
- Frontal Lobe: Part of the brain controlling personality, self-control, and voluntary movements, not the parietal lobe (False).
- Hypothalamus: Structure in the limbic system controlling physical effects of emotions, not Amygdala (False).
- Cellulose: Carbohydrate that cannot be digested by humans (True).
- Auditory Nerve: Carries sound impulses from the inner ear to the brain, not the Median Nerve (False).
- Action Potential: Electrical impulse/wave travelling through a nerve (True).
- Amino Acids: Building blocks of proteins, not proteinoïds (False).
- Gastric Juice: Stomach's function mixing food with it.
- Breakdown of ATP: Process releasing a free phosphate group in many biological processes.
- Chemical Senses: Taste and smell, detecting chemical substances for sensory input.
- Brain's Role (Mind): Brain is the physical seat of the mind (not the best explanation but a short answer).
- Main Calorie Nutrient: Carbohydrates.
- Schwann Cells Function: Speeding impulse transmission in neurons.
- Camera Diaphragm Analog to: Eye's iris.
- Enzymes in Digestion: Necessary for many chemical changes in digestion..
- Stress and Digestion: Prolonged stress inhibits digestion, reducing stress allows proper function. Autonomic Nervous System (sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions) responsible for response.
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Description
Prepare for ABEKA Biology Test 4 with focused study notes covering key concepts such as polio, intestines, and neuron functions. This material includes insights into carbohydrates, digestion, and more, making it essential for effective studying.
