Podcast
Questions and Answers
The double helix model of DNA consists of three complementary strands twisted together.
The double helix model of DNA consists of three complementary strands twisted together.
True
Adenine (A) pairs with Cytosine (C) in DNA base pairing.
Adenine (A) pairs with Cytosine (C) in DNA base pairing.
False
The semi-conservative model of DNA replication involves the creation of two new DNA molecules from one old DNA molecule.
The semi-conservative model of DNA replication involves the creation of two new DNA molecules from one old DNA molecule.
True
DNA is only responsible for genetic information storage.
DNA is only responsible for genetic information storage.
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Plasmid DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Plasmid DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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Frameshift mutations only involve deletions of nucleotides.
Frameshift mutations only involve deletions of nucleotides.
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Study Notes
Structure of DNA
- Double helix model: two complementary strands twisted together
- Each strand composed of nucleotides, which are made up of:
- Sugar molecule (deoxyribose)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base (A, C, G, or T)
- Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases hold the two strands together
Nitrogenous Bases
- Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
- Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C)
- Base pairing is complementary and specific
Replication of DNA
- Semi-conservative model: each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand
- Process involves:
- Unwinding of double helix
- Binding of primers to template strands
- Synthesis of new strands by DNA polymerase
- Proofreading and editing
Functions of DNA
- Genetic information storage
- Template for RNA synthesis
- Regulation of gene expression
Types of DNA
- Nuclear DNA: found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- Mitochondrial DNA: found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
- Plasmid DNA: small, self-replicating circular DNA found in bacteria
Mutations and Variations
- Point mutations: changes in a single nucleotide
- Frameshift mutations: insertions or deletions of nucleotides
- Genetic variations: differences in DNA sequence between individuals
Structure of DNA
- Double helix model consists of two complementary strands twisted together
- Each strand composed of nucleotides, which contain a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, C, G, or T)
- Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases hold the two strands together
Nitrogenous Bases
- Adenine (A) pairs specifically with Thymine (T)
- Guanine (G) pairs specifically with Cytosine (C)
- Base pairing is complementary and specific
Replication of DNA
- Semi-conservative model: each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand
- Replication process involves unwinding of double helix, binding of primers to template strands, synthesis of new strands by DNA polymerase, and proofreading and editing
Functions of DNA
- Stores genetic information
- Acts as template for RNA synthesis
- Regulates gene expression
Types of DNA
- Nuclear DNA: found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- Mitochondrial DNA: found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
- Plasmid DNA: small, self-replicating circular DNA found in bacteria
Mutations and Variations
- Point mutations: changes in a single nucleotide
- Frameshift mutations: insertions or deletions of nucleotides
- Genetic variations: differences in DNA sequence between individuals
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Description
Learn about the double helix model of DNA, its composition, and the process of replication. Discover how nitrogenous bases pair and the importance of complementary base pairing.
