Y1S2 002 I Biochem Structure and Composition of Biopolymers

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What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?

Polypeptide chain

Nucleotides (correct)

Amino acids

Biopolymers

What determines the characteristics of proteins?

The presence of carbohydrates in the protein

The number of amino acids present

The spatial relationship of one amino acid to another only

The kinds of amino acids present and their order in the polypeptide chain (correct)

What is the type of amino acid that is positively charged?

Diaminomonocarboxylic acid (correct)

Polar amino acid

Monoaminodicarboxylic acid

Non-polar amino acid

What is the unique characteristic of glycine?

It has no optical activity Signup and view all the answers

Why are D-amino acids not present in proteins?

They are not present in proteins, but are found in polypeptides and antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the carbon atom that bears the C=O and NH2 groups?

α-Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transporting NH4+ in the form of glutamine?

To prevent its interference with the body system Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by glutaminase in the liver?

Glutamate and NH4+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the C atom in the urea cycle?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ornithine in the urea cycle?

To transport nitrogen and carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

Why is the urea cycle important in the liver?

To detoxify ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of one of the nitrogen atoms in the urea cycle?

NH4+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE I?

CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of N-ACETYL GLUTAMATE in the synthesis of Carbamoyl Phosphate?

It is required for the enzyme's activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP cost of the reaction catalyzed by CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE I?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Where does the synthesis of Carbamoyl Phosphate occur?

Mitochondrial matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Urea cycle?

To detoxify ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of Urea?

A neutral electrolyte compound Signup and view all the answers

Where does the formation of citrulline occur?

In the mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of citrulline?

Ornithine carbamoyltransferase Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the second amino group required for urea synthesis?

Aspartate Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for the formation of arginino succinate?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the condensation reaction of aspartate and citrulline?

Arginino succinate Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that synthesizes arginino succinate?

Arginino succinate synthetase Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical defect that leads to maple syrup disease?

Absence of α-keto acid decarboxylase enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are converted to oxAA?

Aspartate, asparagine, and glutamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the urine in patients with maple syrup disease?

Maple syrup or burnt sugar smell of the urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the absence of α-keto acid decarboxylase enzyme?

Elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids and their corresponding α-keto acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of branched-chain amino acids?

They are negatively charged Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in the urine?

Branched-chain ketonuria Signup and view all the answers