30 Questions
What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What determines the characteristics of proteins?
The kinds of amino acids present and their order in the polypeptide chain
What is the type of amino acid that is positively charged?
Diaminomonocarboxylic acid
What is the unique characteristic of glycine?
It has no optical activity
Why are D-amino acids not present in proteins?
They are not present in proteins, but are found in polypeptides and antibiotics
What is the carbon atom that bears the C=O and NH2 groups?
α-Carbon
What is the purpose of transporting NH4+ in the form of glutamine?
To prevent its interference with the body system
What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by glutaminase in the liver?
Glutamate and NH4+
What is the source of the C atom in the urea cycle?
CO2
What is the function of ornithine in the urea cycle?
To transport nitrogen and carbon atoms
Why is the urea cycle important in the liver?
To detoxify ammonia
What is the source of one of the nitrogen atoms in the urea cycle?
NH4+
What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE I?
CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE
What is the role of N-ACETYL GLUTAMATE in the synthesis of Carbamoyl Phosphate?
It is required for the enzyme's activity
What is the net ATP cost of the reaction catalyzed by CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE I?
2 ATP
Where does the synthesis of Carbamoyl Phosphate occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What is the purpose of the Urea cycle?
To detoxify ammonia
What is the nature of Urea?
A neutral electrolyte compound
Where does the formation of citrulline occur?
In the mitochondria
What is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of citrulline?
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
What is the source of the second amino group required for urea synthesis?
Aspartate
What is the energy source for the formation of arginino succinate?
ATP
What is the product of the condensation reaction of aspartate and citrulline?
Arginino succinate
What is the enzyme that synthesizes arginino succinate?
Arginino succinate synthetase
What is the biochemical defect that leads to maple syrup disease?
Absence of α-keto acid decarboxylase enzyme
Which amino acids are converted to oxAA?
Aspartate, asparagine, and glutamine
What is the characteristic feature of the urine in patients with maple syrup disease?
Maple syrup or burnt sugar smell of the urine
What is the consequence of the absence of α-keto acid decarboxylase enzyme?
Elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids and their corresponding α-keto acids
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of branched-chain amino acids?
They are negatively charged
What is the consequence of the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in the urine?
Branched-chain ketonuria
Test your understanding of biopolymers, including proteins and nucleic acids, and their building blocks, monomer units. Learn about the characteristics of amino acids and nucleotides and how they contribute to the structure and function of biopolymers. This quiz covers the basics of biochemistry and molecular biology.
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