Biology STP Chapter 1 & 2 Quiz

Chapter 1 STP Questions

• Evolution: Explains how organisms are related to each other.
• Hereditary Material: DNA is the hereditary material in most living things.
• Hierarchical Organization: Describes the internal structures of an organism.
• Microscope Resolution: Refers to the microscope's ability to show detail clearly.
• Experiment Variables: The dependent variable in the experiment is the distance from the target.
• Microscope Types: A compound light microscope uses light, while an electron microscope uses electrons.
• Scientific Theory: A theory in a scientific context is a hypothesis supported by evidence.
• Asexual Reproduction: Dolly, the cloned sheep, is an example of asexual reproduction.

Chapter 2 STP Questions

• Chemical Bonding: The number and arrangement of electrons in atoms determine how elements bond to form compounds.
• Atomic Number: An atom with 6 protons has an atomic number of 6.
• Activation Energy: The energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin.
• Catalysts and Activation Energy: Catalysts lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.
• Acids and Bases: An aqueous solution with more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions is a base.
• Oxidation-Reduction: Oxidation involves loss of electrons; reduction involves gain of electrons.
• Water Properties: Water is a polar molecule with opposite charges on oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
• Covalent Bonds: Atoms share electrons in covalent bonds to become more stable.

Chapter 3 STP Questions

• Polysaccharides Functions: Polysaccharides are used for energy storage and structural support, but not for storing genetic information.
• Lipids: Waxes are lipids; starches are not. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
• Hereditary Information: DNA stores hereditary information.
• Plant Sugar Storage: Plants store sugars as starch.
• Cell Membrane Composition: Phospholipids make up the basic structure of cell membranes.
• Hydrophobic Tails: The tails of phospholipids are hydrophobic, meaning they orient away from water.
• Simple Sugars: Simple sugars are classified as carbohydrates; amino acids are classified as proteins.
• Functional Groups: A carboxyl group is a functional group on some molecules.
• Enzymes as Catalysts: Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions.
• Enzyme-Substrate Bonding: The bonding of an enzyme to a substrate is known as the lock-and-key model.

Chapter 4 STP Questions

• Eukaryotic Nucleus: A eukaryotic nucleus contains DNA, RNA, and the nucleolus, but not the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Cell Support and Movement: The cytoskeleton is involved in support and movement within the cell.
• RNA Location: RNA is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.
• Surface Area to Volume Ratio: The surface area to volume ratio decreases as a cell grows.
• Cell Size Limit: A cell's maximum size is limited by its surface area to volume ratio.
• Mitochondria and Ribosomes: Mitochondria are responsible for energy release, while ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
• Cellular Structure Function: The structure in the diagrams function is to manufacture proteins.
• Cell Shape and Function: Cells in multicellular organisms have specific shapes related to their functions.
• Cellular Organelles with DNA: DNA is found in the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria .

Chapter 5 STP Questions

• Diffusion Direction: Molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration during diffusion.
• Ion Channels: Ion channels facilitate the transport of ions across cell membranes.
• Sodium-Potassium Pump: The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.
• Endocytosis: Some animal cells engulf and destroy bacteria using phagocytosis.
• Glucose Diffusion: Glucose can diffuse through a lipid bilayer (line X and Y).
• Passive vs. Active Transport: Active transport is different from passive transport like osmosis, which moves materials down a concentration gradient.
• Cellular Transport: Exocytosis is a type of cellular transport.
• Cellular Transport Effects: Transporting sugar up the concentration gradient lowers external pH.
• Vesicle Composition: Vesicles are composed of lipids.