Biology: Species and Speciation
95 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the key criterion that defines a species?

  • A group of individuals with similar physical characteristics
  • A group of individuals that share the same habitat
  • A group of individuals that are genetically identical
  • A group of individuals that can reproduce in nature and produce fertile offspring (correct)

    • What is the term for the process of forming a new species?

  • Natural selection
  • Evolution
  • Adaptation
  • Speciation (correct)

    • What is the main difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

  • The type of traits that emerge
  • The presence or absence of a physical barrier (correct)
  • The number of individuals involved
  • The speed at which speciation occurs

    • What can happen to an isolated population that leads to speciation?

    <p>It evolves into a new species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reinforcement in speciation?

    <p>It strengthens the barriers that prevent mating between populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of sexual selection in speciation?

    <p>The choices individuals make to mate based on traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hybrid organisms being selected against in a population?

    <p>They become more susceptible to predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if a species becomes separated geographically?

    <p>The populations may evolve to find different traits favorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of allopatric speciation?

    <p>The formation of a new species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation in terms of population isolation?

    <p>The presence or absence of a physical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ecology?

    <p>The study of natural systems and living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecology focuses on the traits of individual organisms and their contribution to the species' life history?

    <p>Organismal ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unique and specific role an organism plays in its ecosystem?

    <p>Niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of factors typically affect population density in an ecosystem?

    <p>Both density-dependent and density-independent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>A food chain shows only one chain of interactions, while a food web shows multiple chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

    <p>Trophic cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor?

    <p>Weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the first level of consumers in a food chain or web?

    <p>Primary consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the place suitable for a particular organism to live?

    <p>Habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of all living organisms on Earth and their impact on the planet?

    <p>Biosphere ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biotic potential?

    <p>The rate at which a species reproduces under ideal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the growth of a population?

    <p>Environmental resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

    <p>The maximum number of organisms an environment can support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce the maximum carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

    <p>Limiting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symbiosis is beneficial to one species but not the other?

    <p>Parasitism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the evolutionary development of animal behavior?

    <p>Behavioral ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do animals defend a territory?

    <p>Due to environmental pressure and limited resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an evolved behavior in response to environmental pressure?

    <p>Territoriality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the community of animals, plants, and other organisms that live in the same area?

    <p>Ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why certain traits are attractive in a specific environment?

    <p>They are beneficial for the survival of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is an example of kin selection?

    <p>Donating a kidney to a family member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of social child raising in species like humans?

    <p>Strongest chance at survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alpha diversity a measure of?

    <p>The number of species in an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of researchers studying genetic biodiversity?

    <p>To study the variation in genetic material within an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a stable ecosystem?

    <p>High diversity and an abundance of species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of biodiversity loss?

    <p>A combination of human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ecosystem?

    <p>To provide a habitat for living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the disturbance of an ecosystem due to natural causes?

    <p>Natural disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of altruism in social groups?

    <p>Increased survival and reproductive rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism that leads to allopatric speciation?

    <p>Geographical isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when there is no physical separation in the population, but selective pressures cause a divide between organisms?

    <p>Sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ecology?

    <p>The study of life and interactions between organisms and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when a population becomes reproductively isolated from its parent population?

    <p>Formation of a new species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of reinforcement in speciation?

    <p>Hybrid sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of all living organisms on Earth and their impact on the planet?

    <p>Biosphere ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of ecology focuses on traits of individual organisms and their contribution to the species' life history?

    <p>Organismal ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if an isolated population has new environmental conditions and new traits emerge?

    <p>Formation of a new species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the place suitable for a particular organism to live?

    <p>Habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sympatric and allopatric speciation?

    <p>Presence or absence of geographical barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reinforcement in a population?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique and specific role an organism plays in its ecosystem?

    <p>Niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of factors typically affect population density in an ecosystem?

    <p>Density-dependent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism that leads to sympathy speciation?

    <p>Selective pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a food chain and a food web?

    <p>Food chains only show one single chain of interactions between organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between sexual selection and reinforcement in speciation?

    <p>Type of selective pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur when hybrid organisms are selected against in a population?

    <p>Reduction of genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complex interconnected interactions between all food chains within an ecosystem?

    <p>Food web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

    <p>Energy flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ecosystem?

    <p>To sustain life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why certain traits are more likely to be selected in a specific environment?

    <p>Because they are most beneficial for survival and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of social child raising in species like humans?

    <p>It represents the strongest chance at survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biodiversity a measurement of?

    <p>The variation within living systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between beta diversity and gamma diversity?

    <p>Beta diversity measures the variation in species within an ecosystem, while gamma diversity measures the total number of species across all ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a stable ecosystem with high diversity?

    <p>It can rebound quicker and experience less damage from negative events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of researchers studying genetic biodiversity?

    <p>The variation in genetic material within an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of altruism in social groups?

    <p>It increases the survival and reproductive rates of individuals and groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the decline of biodiversity?

    <p>A combination of human activities such as deforestation, fishing, drainage of wetlands, and pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of a natural disturbance in an ecosystem?

    <p>It results in an unbalanced ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kin selection an example of?

    <p>Donating a kidney to a family member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the carrying capacity of a species in an ecosystem?

    <p>Environmental resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a population exceeding its carrying capacity?

    <p>Resources become severely limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the evolutionary development of animal behavior?

    <p>Behavioral ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an evolved behavior in response to environmental pressure?

    <p>Territoriality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why species do not normally meet their full biotic potential?

    <p>Limited resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum number of living organisms that an environment can support?

    <p>Carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that limits the growth of a population?

    <p>Environmental resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a limiting factor that can reduce the maximum carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

    <p>Availability of food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of individual species in an average population size that is sustainable?

    <p>Carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's main point in the passage about ninjas and pirates?

    <p>Ninjas are superior to pirates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topic of the passage about games?

    <p>The value of games in children's development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's point of view about children's games?

    <p>Games are useful for children's development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the evidence or proof in an argument?

    <p>To provide supporting reasons for the main argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topic of a passage about?

    <p>What the passage is about</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the author's reasons in the passage about ninjas and pirates?

    <p>To provide evidence for the main argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the topic and the argument in a passage?

    <p>The topic is the general subject, while the argument is the author's point of view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the argument of a passage?

    <p>The author's point of view about the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the author's main point in an argument?

    <p>To express the author's opinion on the topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do passages on the same topic have in common?

    <p>The same topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying the author's argument and evidence in a passage?

    <p>To identify the author's main point and supporting reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an argument in a passage?

    <p>It's always debatable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the three passages about global warming?

    <p>They all have the same topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of the passage 'Pirates vs. Ninjas'?

    <p>The question of which is cooler has been debated for ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to distinguish between the topic and the argument of a passage?

    <p>To become a better reader and answer questions on standardized tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Topic and Argument

    • The topic of a passage is what the passage is about
    • The argument of a passage is the author's point of view about the topic
    • The argument is also known as the main claim or thesis
    • The argument is something debatable, and if it's not debatable, it's not an argument
    • Passages on the same topic can make different arguments

    Examples of Topic and Argument

    • Example 1: Pirates vs. Ninjas passage
      • Topic: competition for cool points between pirates and ninjas
      • Argument: ninjas are cooler than pirates
    • Example 2: The Value of Games passage
      • Topic: games
      • Argument: games are a valuable way to spend time and are not just a waste of time

    Identifying Argument and Evidence

    • Finding the argument of a passage is useful, but many test questions ask for more
    • Test questions may ask for the kinds of information or evidence the author brings up in support of the argument
    • The support or evidence is part of the argument, and authors typically provide reasons to prove their point
    • To identify the evidence or proof, complete the sentence: "In [author's discussion of topic], the author argues that [argument] because [evidence]"

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about the fundamental concept of species and speciation in biology. Discover the two types of speciation: allopatric and sympatric speciation, and how they occur through geographical changes and reproductive isolation.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser