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Questions and Answers
What is the fluid that surrounds our cells called?
What is the substance present in the greatest amount in a solution?
What is the concentration of a solution?
What is the fluid inside our cells called?
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What is an example of a solute in a saltwater solution?
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What is the term for a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances?
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What is the fluid that makes up the extracellular fluid of our blood?
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What is the term for the substances present in smaller amounts in a solution?
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What is an example of a liquid solution in physiology?
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What is the fluid that surrounds our tissues called?
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What is the normal range of fasting blood glucose levels?
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What is the concentration of sodium chloride in normal saline solutions found in IV fluids?
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What is the primary function of the cell membrane in terms of osmosis?
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Which of the following molecules can dissolve into the lipid portion of the phospholipid bilayer and cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
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What is the term for solutes that are unable to easily cross the cell membrane?
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What is the term for the movement of water across the cell membrane towards the solution with a higher concentration of osmotically active solute particles?
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What is the term for the effect of an extracellular solution on cell volume and shape?
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What is the term for a solution that draws water out of the cell, resulting in crenation?
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What is the appearance of a solution that contains cells when viewed with the naked eye?
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What is the appearance of a crenated red blood cell under the microscope?
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In a saltwater solution, water is the solute.
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The extracellular fluid of our blood is known as interstitial fluid.
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Concentration of a solution is defined as solvent/solute.
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Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas.
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The intracellular fluid is an example of an extracellular fluid.
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A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
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The concentration of a solution is always measured in percentage.
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In a solution, the solvent is always a solid.
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The extracellular fluid of our tissues is known as plasma.
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A solution can have only two substances.
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A cell membrane is impermeable to water due to the presence of aquaporins.
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A solution with a concentration of 0.9% NaCl is considered hypertonic.
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Large, charged molecules can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion.
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A cell will lose water and become crenated in a hypotonic solution.
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Tonicity refers to the concentration of solutes inside a cell.
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A solution with a pH of 7.4 is considered acidic.
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The concentration of osmotically active solutes is critical for cell shape and function.
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The kidney is responsible for maintaining the concentration of osmotic balance in the body.
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A cell will lyse if it loses too much water.
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Red blood cells have a jagged appearance when they are swollen.
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Study Notes
Solutions in the Body
- Our bodies are composed of various solutions, including intracellular fluid (ICF) within cells and extracellular fluid (ECF) surrounding cells.
- ECF is further divided into plasma (in blood) and interstitial fluid (in tissues).
Definition of a Solution
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
- The solvent is the substance present in the greatest amount, while solutes are present in smaller amounts.
- In physiology, solutions typically involve water as the solvent and various ions and molecules as solutes.
Concentration of a Solution
- Concentration is the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution (concentration = solute/solvent).
- Concentrations can be expressed in various ways, including mg/dl, percentage (%), pH, and mOsm.
Concentration and Osmosis
- Cell membranes function as selectively permeable barriers, allowing certain molecules to pass through while restricting others.
- Solutes that cannot easily cross the membrane are termed osmotically active particles.
- Water moves across the membrane towards the solution with a higher concentration of osmotically active solute particles until equilibrium is achieved.
- Changes in fluid concentrations can affect cell shape and function, making it essential to maintain osmotic balance.
Tonicity
- Tonicity refers to the effect of an extracellular solution on cell volume and shape.
- There are three types of tonicity: hypertonic (solution draws water out of the cell), isotonic (solution does not change cell shape), and hypotonic (solution causes the cell to gain water).
- Changes in tonicity can cause cells to swell, become crenated, or even lyse.
Solutions in the Body
- Our bodies are composed of various solutions, including intracellular fluid (ICF) within cells and extracellular fluid (ECF) surrounding cells.
- ECF is further divided into plasma (in blood) and interstitial fluid (in tissues).
Definition of a Solution
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
- The solvent is the substance present in the greatest amount, while solutes are present in smaller amounts.
- In physiology, solutions typically involve water as the solvent and various ions and molecules as solutes.
Concentration of a Solution
- Concentration is the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution (concentration = solute/solvent).
- Concentrations can be expressed in various ways, including mg/dl, percentage (%), pH, and mOsm.
Concentration and Osmosis
- Cell membranes function as selectively permeable barriers, allowing certain molecules to pass through while restricting others.
- Solutes that cannot easily cross the membrane are termed osmotically active particles.
- Water moves across the membrane towards the solution with a higher concentration of osmotically active solute particles until equilibrium is achieved.
- Changes in fluid concentrations can affect cell shape and function, making it essential to maintain osmotic balance.
Tonicity
- Tonicity refers to the effect of an extracellular solution on cell volume and shape.
- There are three types of tonicity: hypertonic (solution draws water out of the cell), isotonic (solution does not change cell shape), and hypotonic (solution causes the cell to gain water).
- Changes in tonicity can cause cells to swell, become crenated, or even lyse.
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