Biology Seed Structure and Germination

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of seeds?

To protect the soil from erosion

To transport water

To provide nourishment to animals

To form new plants on germination (correct)

What are some ways that seeds are transported?

Only by human intervention

By animals, wind, and water (correct)

Exclusively via insect activity

Primarily through underground tunnels

Which condition is necessary for a seed to begin growing?

Exposure to sunlight only

Absence of water

A temperature below freezing

Penetration of water and oxygen (correct)

What does a mature fertilized ovule form?

An embryo Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step in the germination process of seeds?

The penetration of the seed coat by external factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the described object?

Elongated ovate and somewhat flattened Signup and view all the answers

What color is associated with the described object?

Dark brown Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the odor of the object when it is intact?

It is odorless Signup and view all the answers

How does the object smell when it is crushed?

It has an oily odor Signup and view all the answers

What is the described taste of the object?

Mucilaginous and oily Signup and view all the answers

What is the surface texture of the seed described?

Finely pitted, smooth, shiny Signup and view all the answers

What type of ovule is present in this seed?

Anatropous ovule Signup and view all the answers

What does the raphe of the ovule extend along?

Half the seed circumference Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the testa in the seed?

Outer and inner integuments Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the raphe on the ovule?

Yellow shiny line Signup and view all the answers

Which layers make up the outer integument?

Epidermis and Hypodermis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers is NOT part of the inner integument?

Endosperm Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the cross layer of the seed?

Elongated, lignified sclerenchymatous cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the embryo in a seed?

Embryonic tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the scleride layer in the inner integument?

Support and protection Signup and view all the answers

What medicinal use does linseed have related to bowel health?

It increases bowel movements. Signup and view all the answers

How does linseed benefit those with type 2 diabetes?

By slightly improving blood sugar control. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a medicinal use of linseed?

Treatment for high cholesterol. Signup and view all the answers

Linseed increases bowel movements, which can be particularly helpful in managing what condition?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

What effect does linseed have on bowel movements?

It promotes regularity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seed Definition

Seeds are mature fertilized ovules containing an embryo; these are responsible for forming new plants upon germination.

Seed Transport

Seeds are transported by animals, wind, and water.

Seed Germination

When favorable conditions exist, water and oxygen penetrate the seed coat and the embryo grows.

Macroscopical Seed Characteristics

Shape: Elongated, ovate, flattened, rounded base, pointed apex.
Color: Dark brown.
Odour: Odourless when whole, oily when crushed.
Taste: Mucilaginous, oily.
Surface: Finely pitted, smooth, shiny testa (seed coat).
Type of Ovule: Anatropous ovule (Raphe extended half the seed circumference as a yellow shiny line).

Seed Transverse Section

Testa: Outer and inner integuments.
- Outer integument: Forms the epidermis and hypodermis.
- Inner integument: Forms the scleride layer, hyaline layer, and pigment layer.
Endosperm: Contains nutrients for the developing embryo.
Embryo: Young plant inside the seed containing radicle (root), plumule (shoot), and cotyledons (seed leaves).

Cross Layer in Seed

Contains fragments of elongated, lignified sclerenchymatous cells.
These cells are crossed by thin-walled elongated cells on one side and rounded, thick-walled cells on the other side.

Medicinal Uses of Linseed

Constipation: Increases bowel movements.
Type 2 Diabetes: Slightly improves blood sugar control.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and characteristics of seeds, including their transport mechanisms and germination processes. Test your knowledge on seed structures and the conditions necessary for seed development.