Biology Section Chapter 3 Flashcards

What is a monosaccharide?

What are glycogen, starch, and cellulose classified as?

What determines the different shapes and functions of proteins?

Most enzymes are insensitive to changes in temperature or pH.

What compound composes most of the cell membrane?

What is the most important function of nucleic acids?

What are steroids made of, and can you give two examples of steroids?

What function does the wax coating serve for insects that live on land?

How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch?

How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins?

What are the storage and quick energy forms of carbohydrates found in animals?

How is the lipid compound suited to the function of the membrane?

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, acting as monomers.
Polysaccharides consist of long chains of monosaccharides and include storage forms like glycogen and starch, as well as structural forms like cellulose.

Proteins

Amino acids are organic compounds featuring a carboxyl group and an amino group; they are the building blocks of proteins.
Proteins are formed by one or more chains of amino acids, with their shape and function determined by the R groups of the amino acids.
Enzymes, which are proteins, are sensitive to environmental changes including temperature and pH levels.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides are the subunits of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) are important for storing genetic information and directing protein synthesis.

Lipids

Lipids contain a high number of carbon-hydrogen bonds, enabling them to store more energy than carbohydrates with carbon-oxygen bonds.
Cholesterol and testosterone are examples of steroids, which are a type of lipid.

Membrane Structure

The primary component of cell membranes is lipids, which make them semipermeable, allowing selective transfer of substances.

Energy and Storage

Glycogen serves as the storage form of carbohydrates in animals, consisting of repeating glucose subunits, which act as a quick energy source.
Starch is also composed of glucose, while proteins consist of 20 different amino acid types.

Protective Adaptations

Insects that inhabit terrestrial environments feature a waxy coating, providing waterproofing and protection from environmental factors.

Test your knowledge on key terms from Biology Section Chapter 3. This quiz covers essential definitions related to carbohydrates and proteins, including monosaccharides, polysaccharides, amino acids, and proteins. Perfect for exam preparation and reinforcing your understanding of biological molecules.