Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of maintaining a sterile ambience in chemical engineering processes?
What is the primary goal of maintaining a sterile ambience in chemical engineering processes?
- To preserve genetic information
- To enable the growth of only the desired microbe or eukaryotic cell (correct)
- To prevent contamination of microorganisms
- To manufacture biotechnological products like antibiotics and vaccines
What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
- It leads to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes
- It preserves genetic information
- It allows for variations and unique combinations of genetic setup (correct)
- It is a faster process
What is the limitation of traditional hybridisation procedures?
What is the limitation of traditional hybridisation procedures?
- They preserve genetic information
- They lead to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes (correct)
- They introduce only desirable genes
- They are used in genetic engineering
What is the purpose of genetic engineering techniques?
What is the purpose of genetic engineering techniques?
What happens to a piece of DNA transferred into an alien organism?
What happens to a piece of DNA transferred into an alien organism?
What is responsible for initiating replication in a chromosome?
What is responsible for initiating replication in a chromosome?
What is the significance of gene cloning in genetic engineering?
What is the significance of gene cloning in genetic engineering?
What is the ultimate goal of genetic engineering?
What is the ultimate goal of genetic engineering?
What is the purpose of having a single recognition site for restriction enzymes in a cloning vector?
What is the purpose of having a single recognition site for restriction enzymes in a cloning vector?
Which antibiotic resistance gene is commonly used as a selectable marker in E. coli?
Which antibiotic resistance gene is commonly used as a selectable marker in E. coli?
What is the consequence of inserting foreign DNA at the BamH I site of the tetracycline resistance gene in the vector pBR322?
What is the consequence of inserting foreign DNA at the BamH I site of the tetracycline resistance gene in the vector pBR322?
What is the function of the 'ori' region in the pBR322 vector?
What is the function of the 'ori' region in the pBR322 vector?
Why are normal E. coli cells not resistant to antibiotics?
Why are normal E. coli cells not resistant to antibiotics?
What is the purpose of plating transformants on ampicillin-containing medium?
What is the purpose of plating transformants on ampicillin-containing medium?
What is the name of the restriction enzyme site where foreign DNA is commonly ligated in the vector pBR322?
What is the name of the restriction enzyme site where foreign DNA is commonly ligated in the vector pBR322?
What is the advantage of using a cloning vector with antibiotic resistance genes?
What is the advantage of using a cloning vector with antibiotic resistance genes?
What does the letter 'R' in EcoRI represent?
What does the letter 'R' in EcoRI represent?
What is the function of exonucleases?
What is the function of exonucleases?
What is the characteristic of a palindrome in DNA?
What is the characteristic of a palindrome in DNA?
What is the purpose of restriction endonuclease in DNA?
What is the purpose of restriction endonuclease in DNA?
What is the general name of the class of enzymes that restriction endonuclease belongs to?
What is the general name of the class of enzymes that restriction endonuclease belongs to?
What is the recognition sequence of a restriction endonuclease?
What is the recognition sequence of a restriction endonuclease?
What is the direction of reading in a palindrome in DNA?
What is the direction of reading in a palindrome in DNA?
What is the role of restriction endonuclease in forming recombinant DNA?
What is the role of restriction endonuclease in forming recombinant DNA?
What happens to the antibiotic resistance gene when alien DNA is inserted?
What happens to the antibiotic resistance gene when alien DNA is inserted?
What is the purpose of using two antibiotics in the selection process?
What is the purpose of using two antibiotics in the selection process?
What is the result of insertional inactivation of β-galactosidase?
What is the result of insertional inactivation of β-galactosidase?
What is the purpose of using a chromogenic substrate?
What is the purpose of using a chromogenic substrate?
What type of colonies are produced when the plasmid has an insert?
What type of colonies are produced when the plasmid has an insert?
What is the result of inserting a recombinant DNA within the coding sequence of β-galactosidase?
What is the result of inserting a recombinant DNA within the coding sequence of β-galactosidase?
What is the advantage of using alternative selectable markers?
What is the advantage of using alternative selectable markers?
What happens when a plasmid does not have an insert?
What happens when a plasmid does not have an insert?
What is necessary to increase the efficiency of DNA entering a bacterium?
What is necessary to increase the efficiency of DNA entering a bacterium?
What is the purpose of heat shock in introducing recombinant DNA into bacteria?
What is the purpose of heat shock in introducing recombinant DNA into bacteria?
What method is used to introduce recombinant DNA into plant cells?
What method is used to introduce recombinant DNA into plant cells?
What is the first step in recombinant DNA technology?
What is the first step in recombinant DNA technology?
What is the purpose of ligation in recombinant DNA technology?
What is the purpose of ligation in recombinant DNA technology?
What is the genetic material of all organisms?
What is the genetic material of all organisms?
Why is it necessary to have DNA in pure form, free from other macro-molecules?
Why is it necessary to have DNA in pure form, free from other macro-molecules?
What is the final step in recombinant DNA technology?
What is the final step in recombinant DNA technology?
Study Notes
Restriction Enzymes
- EcoRI is a restriction enzyme with 'R' derived from the name of the strain of bacteria it was isolated from
- Restriction enzymes are a type of nucleases that make cuts at specific positions within the DNA
- Endonucleases, like restriction enzymes, cut DNA at specific positions, whereas exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA
Palindromic Sequences
- Palindromes are groups of letters that form the same words when read both forward and backward
- In DNA, palindromic sequences are sequences of base pairs that read the same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same
Genetic Engineering
- Genetic engineering involves creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning, and gene transfer
- This technique allows for the isolation and introduction of only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing undesirable genes into the target organism
- Traditional hybridization procedures in plant and animal breeding often lead to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes
Gene Cloning
- Cloning sites in vectors need to have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for commonly used restriction enzymes
- Presence of more than one recognition site within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning process
Selectable Markers
- Genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or kanamycin are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli
- Normal E. coli cells do not carry resistance against any of these antibiotics
- Alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce color in the presence of a chromogenic substrate
Recombinant DNA Technology
- Recombinant DNA technology involves several steps in a specific sequence such as isolation of DNA, fragmentation of DNA by restriction endonucleases, isolation of a desired DNA fragment, ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector, transferring the recombinant DNA into the host, culturing the host cells in a medium at large scale, and extraction of the desired product
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Description
This quiz is about restriction enzymes, specifically EcoRI, and their relationship to nucleases. It covers the origin of the name 'R' in EcoRI and the classification of these enzymes.
