6 Questions
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce haploid daughter cells
What is the term for the physical expression of an individual's genotype?
Phenotype
During mitosis, what is the result of cytokinesis?
The physical separation of daughter cells
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
To carry the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
To increase genetic variation
What is the outcome of fertilization?
The formation of a diploid zygote
Study Notes
Reproduction
Genetics
- DNA: contains genetic information, passed from one generation to the next
- Genes: segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Genotype: genetic makeup of an individual
- Phenotype: physical expression of an individual's genotype
- Inheritance: passing of traits from parents to offspring
Fertilization
- Fusion of gametes: sperm and egg cells combine to form a zygote
- Zygote: single cell resulting from fertilization
- Diploid: zygote contains a complete set of chromosomes from each parent
- Embryo: stage of development from zygote to implantation
Meiosis
- Cell division: process by which gametes are produced
- Diploid parent cell: contains 46 chromosomes in humans
- Haploid daughter cells: contain 23 chromosomes each
- Crossing over: exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
- Random segregation: shuffling of chromosomes during meiosis
Mitosis
- Somatic cell division: process by which body cells divide
- Diploid cell: contains 46 chromosomes in humans
- ** Daughter cells**: genetically identical to parent cell
- Interphase: preparation for cell division
- Cytokinesis: physical separation of daughter cells
Protein Synthesis
- Transcription: DNA -> RNA (messenger RNA, tRNA, rRNA)
- Translation: RNA -> Protein
- mRNA: carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Amino acids: building blocks of proteins
Test your knowledge of biology concepts related to reproduction, genetics, and cell division. Learn about DNA, genes, genotypes, phenotypes, fertilization, meiosis, and mitosis. Explore the processes of protein synthesis and more!
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