Biology Reproduction and Flowering Plants

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of CO2 concentration exceeding a certain point in photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis rate decreases due to enzyme denaturation

Photosynthesis rate continues to increase indefinitely

Plants optimize energy release through increased respiration

Photosynthesis rate reaches a plateau and becomes a limiting factor (correct)

Which nutrient is responsible for increasing biomass in plants?

Calcium

Potassium

Nitrates (correct)

Phosphates

What is a significant disadvantage of using insecticides?

They can be ineffective against pests

They are often toxic to other organisms in the food chain (correct)

They do not provide immediate results

They can be expensive and unmanageable

What advantage does biological control have over chemical pesticides?

It targets specific species of pests Signup and view all the answers

What happens to enzymes in photosynthesis when the temperature exceeds the optimum level?

They denature irreversibly, reducing photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction results in genetically identical offspring?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the anther in a flower?

To produce male gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the flower is responsible for catching pollen?

Stigma Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the process of germination in seeds?

Water absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic composition of a zygote?

Diploid with 46 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flower distributes pollen mainly via insects?

Insect-pollinated flower Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of flower structure?

Chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Test Tube B in the germination experiment?

Seeds remained dormant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylase in plant seedlings?

To break down starch into glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the testicles play in the male reproductive system?

They synthesize sperm and testosterone. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for fertilization in the female reproductive system?

Oviduct Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does estrogen play a crucial role?

Follicular phase Signup and view all the answers

How do plants naturally reproduce using runners?

By cell division from the parent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cervix in the female reproductive system?

To protect the developing fetus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth hormones in artificial plant reproduction?

To stimulate root development. Signup and view all the answers

What changes occur during the menstrual cycle to prepare for pregnancy?

Development and thickening of the uterine lining. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction: Two sex cells (gametes) from each parent fuse to form a zygote. Offspring are not identical.
Asexual Reproduction: One parent produces genetically identical offspring (clones). This happens via mitosis.
Fertilisation: Fusion of haploid gametes (23 chromosomes each) to form a diploid zygote (46 chromosomes). The zygote then develops via mitosis into an embryo.

Flowering Plants

Flower Structure:
- Sepals: Protect the unopened flower.
- Petals: Attract pollinators (brightly coloured).
- Stamens: Male part (filament and anther).
  - Filament: Supports the anther.
  - Anther: Produces pollen (male gametes).
- Pistil: Female part (stigma, style, ovule).
  - Stigma: Sticky surface to catch pollen.
  - Style: Connects the stigma to the ovule.
  - Ovule: Contains female reproductive cells.

Pollination

Insect Pollinated Flowers: Flowers that use insects to transfer pollen.
Wind Pollinated Flowers: Flowers that use wind to transfer pollen.

Seed Germination

Germination is the process where a seed emerges from dormancy and begins to sprout.
Water absorption triggers hormone production (amylase), breaking down starch into glucose for growth via aerobic respiration. This continues until photosynthesise can support growth

Plant Reproduction

Natural Reproduction (Runners): Specialized cells form new plants.
Artificial Reproduction (Cuttings): Selected tissue is sterilized, planted, and treated with hormones that stimulate root development. The new plant is cloned and transferred to soil.

Reproductive Systems

Male Reproductive System (Sperm Production): Organs responsible for sperm production.
- Testis: Produces sperm and testosterone.
- Urethra: Conducts semen outside the body.
Female Reproductive System (Egg Production): Organs responsible for egg production.
- Ovary: Produces eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
- Uterus: Organ for fertilisation and development of the embryo/foetus.
Placenta: Allows exchange of materials between mother and developing foetus.
Menstrual Cycle: Roughly monthly changes within the female reproductive system.

Food Production (Crop Plants)

Glasshouses: Enclosed environments to grow plants in controlled conditions.
Polyethylene Tunnels: Similar to glasshouses but use a plastic material for enclosure. These methods promote greater yields via enhanced growth rates.
Effect of factors like temperature, carbon dioxide, and water on photosynthesis: These factors affect crop yields. Increased CO2 leads to enhanced photosynthesis while temperature issues can slow it.

Pest Control

Pesticides: Chemical substances to control pests.
- Fungicides: Control fungi
- Herbicides: Control weeds
- Insecticides: Control insects
There are advantages and disadvantages to using each type of pest control, with some leading to the development of pest resistance.

Biological Control

Biological Control: An alternative method using other organisms to control pests.
This natural method has some advantages (not creating resistance, and not harming other organisms) but may result in slower effects.

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in reproduction, specifically focusing on sexual and asexual reproduction processes. Additionally, it explores the structure of flowering plants, detailing their components and roles in pollination. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in biology.