Biology Chapter 16 - The Digestive System

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What is the primary function of the salivary glands?

To secrete enzymes that digest all major nutrients

To store bile

To neutralize acid from the stomach

To moisten food and begin starch digestion (correct)

Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin?

In the small intestine

In the mouth (correct)

In the stomach

In the liver

What is the function of the muscularis layer in the digestive tube?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

To move food through the digestive tube (correct)

To lubricate the outside of the GI tract

To secrete digestive enzymes

What is the main function of the liver in the digestive system?

To secrete bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

To secrete enzymes that digest all major nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the digestive tube?

Serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?

Starts the chemical breakdown of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach contains gastric glands that produce gastric juice?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cephalic phase of gastric digestion?

Increased secretion from the gastric pits Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gastrin in the stomach?

Stimulates the production of gastric juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mixture of food and gastric juice in the stomach?

Chyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter during the intestinal phase of gastric digestion?

Allows the chyme to leave the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sodium bicarbonate produced by the pancreas?

Neutralizes stomach acid Signup and view all the answers

Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile in fat digestion?

Breaks fats into smaller fat droplets, micelles Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the gallbladder to release bile?

Cholecystokinin (CCK) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of trypsin?

Breaks down proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gastrin in the digestive process?

Stimulates the gastric glands to produce gastric juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the teeth in the digestion process?

Breaking the food into smaller pieces Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis in the swallowing process?

It closes off the airway to keep food from entering the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscular contractions that push food through the esophagus?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly?

Stomach acid enters the esophagus and causes heartburn Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a soft mass of food that is suitable for swallowing?

Bolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion?

Mechanical digestion involves chewing, while chemical digestion involves enzymes breaking down nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in detoxification?

Removing toxins from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of feces is composed of water?

Three-quarters Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pouch on the cecum?

Vermiform appendix Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rectum in the digestive system?

To store feces temporarily Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacteria that breaks down waste and produces gas?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hepatocyte in the liver?

To produce plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers