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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate number of living species of cnidarians?
Which of the following cnidarians is typically found in freshwater?
What is the characteristic symmetry of cnidarians?
What is the level of organization of cnidarians?
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What is the characteristic body shape of a polyp?
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What is the function of the single opening in a cnidarian's body?
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What is the characteristic feature of a medusa's body shape?
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What is the characteristic internal structure of cnidarians?
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What is the main method of obtaining food for sponges?
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What is the function of the osculum in sponges?
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Which type of cells in the sponge's body wall are responsible for drawing water in?
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What is the gelatinous material between the pinacoderm and the choanocytes?
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Which subkingdom includes animals with a body composed of cells differentiated into tissues and organs?
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What is the characteristic of Diploblastica?
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Which phylum includes the 'simplest' of the complex animals?
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What is the function of the archaeocytes in sponges?
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What is the layer of cells between the ectoderm and endoderm in diploblastic organisms?
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What is the type of symmetry shown by coelenterates?
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What is the function of nematocysts in coelenterates?
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What is the primary source of food for most coelenterates?
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What is the mode of respiration and excretion in coelenterates?
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What is the morphological form of coelenterates that contains an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
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What type of reproduction is seen in polyps?
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Which class has only the hydroid form during their life cycle?
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What is unique about the body composition of jellyfish?
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What is the genus of the species Hydra viridis?
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What is a characteristic of Hydra?
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Which of the following has both polyp and medusa forms?
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Study Notes
Subkingdom: Parazoa
- Phylum: Porifera
- Example: Sponge
- Characteristics:
- Mostly marine, but some freshwater inhabitants
- Sessile; permanently attached to substrate
- Filter feeding
- Body wall composed of:
- Pinacoderm (outer layer of flattened cells)
- Choanocytes (inner lining of flagellated cells)
- Mesohyl (gelatinous material between pinacoderm and choanocytes)
- Three types of body structure: Ascon, Sycon, and Leucon
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Metazoa
- Characteristics:
- Body composed of cells differentiated into tissues and organs
- Digestive cavity lined with specialized cells
- Divided into two groups: Diploblastica and Triploblastica
Diploblastica
- Characteristics:
- Two layers: ectoderm and endoderm
- Non-cellular layer (mesogloea) between ectoderm and endoderm
- Coelom absent
Triploblastica
- Characteristics:
- Three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
- Cellular layer (mesoderm) between ectoderm and endoderm
- Coelom present
Phylum: Cnidaria (Coelenterata)
- Characteristics:
- Radial symmetry
- Tissue level of organization
- Over 10,000 living species
- Both marine and freshwater habitats
- Two general body forms: Polyp and Medusa
- Body plan: Sac with a central digestive compartment
- Single opening serving as both mouth and anus
- Ring of tentacles on oral surface
General Characters
- Multicellular organisms with tissue grade of organization
- Diploblastic, with two layers of cells: ectoderm and endoderm
- Single opening in the body for food intake and waste expulsion
- Radial symmetry
- Digestion occurs in the body cavity (coelenteron)
- Can live in marine or freshwater habitats
- Can be solitary or colonial
- Each individual is a zooid
- Two morphological forms: Polyps and Medusa
- Most are carnivorous, with some exceptions
Phylum: Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
Class: Hydrozoa
- Characteristics:
- Show asexual hydroid and sexual medusoid forms during their life cycle
- Examples: Hydra, Obelia
Class: Actinozoa (Anthozoa)
- Characteristics:
- Only have the hydroid form during their life cycle
- Example: Alcyonium
Genus: Hydra
Species: viridis
- Example: Hydra viridis
Body Structure of Hydra
- Not specified
Characteristics of Moon Jelly
- Not specified
Obelia Hydroid
- Characteristics:
- Prominent medusa and polyp forms
Jellyfish
- Characteristics:
- No eyes, nose, brain, or heart
- Body is mostly made of water and is soft
- No bones or spine
- Invertebrate animals
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Description
Test your knowledge of phylum Porifera, including their characteristics, habitat, and morphology. Learn about sponges and their unique features.
