28 Questions
What is the approximate number of living species of cnidarians?
10,000
Which of the following cnidarians is typically found in freshwater?
Hydras
What is the characteristic symmetry of cnidarians?
Radial symmetry
What is the level of organization of cnidarians?
Tissue level
What is the characteristic body shape of a polyp?
Cylindrical body with tentacles
What is the function of the single opening in a cnidarian's body?
Serves as both mouth and anus
What is the characteristic feature of a medusa's body shape?
Motile, bell-shaped body
What is the characteristic internal structure of cnidarians?
Sac with a central digestive compartment
What is the main method of obtaining food for sponges?
Filter feeding
What is the function of the osculum in sponges?
To release water out of the sponge
Which type of cells in the sponge's body wall are responsible for drawing water in?
Choanocytes
What is the gelatinous material between the pinacoderm and the choanocytes?
Mesohyl
Which subkingdom includes animals with a body composed of cells differentiated into tissues and organs?
Metazoa
What is the characteristic of Diploblastica?
Two layers, with a non-cellular layer between ect and endoderm
Which phylum includes the 'simplest' of the complex animals?
Cnidaria
What is the function of the archaeocytes in sponges?
To phagocytize food particles and undergo differentiation
What is the layer of cells between the ectoderm and endoderm in diploblastic organisms?
Mesoglea
What is the type of symmetry shown by coelenterates?
Radial symmetry
What is the function of nematocysts in coelenterates?
Capturing and paralyzing prey
What is the primary source of food for most coelenterates?
Other animals that live symbiotically within them
What is the mode of respiration and excretion in coelenterates?
Simple diffusion
What is the morphological form of coelenterates that contains an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
Polyp
What type of reproduction is seen in polyps?
Asexual reproduction
Which class has only the hydroid form during their life cycle?
Actinozoa
What is unique about the body composition of jellyfish?
They are mostly made of water
What is the genus of the species Hydra viridis?
Hydra
What is a characteristic of Hydra?
They are colonial and solitary
Which of the following has both polyp and medusa forms?
All of the above
Study Notes
Subkingdom: Parazoa
- Phylum: Porifera
- Example: Sponge
- Characteristics:
- Mostly marine, but some freshwater inhabitants
- Sessile; permanently attached to substrate
- Filter feeding
- Body wall composed of:
- Pinacoderm (outer layer of flattened cells)
- Choanocytes (inner lining of flagellated cells)
- Mesohyl (gelatinous material between pinacoderm and choanocytes)
- Three types of body structure: Ascon, Sycon, and Leucon
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Metazoa
- Characteristics:
- Body composed of cells differentiated into tissues and organs
- Digestive cavity lined with specialized cells
- Divided into two groups: Diploblastica and Triploblastica
Diploblastica
- Characteristics:
- Two layers: ectoderm and endoderm
- Non-cellular layer (mesogloea) between ectoderm and endoderm
- Coelom absent
Triploblastica
- Characteristics:
- Three layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
- Cellular layer (mesoderm) between ectoderm and endoderm
- Coelom present
Phylum: Cnidaria (Coelenterata)
- Characteristics:
- Radial symmetry
- Tissue level of organization
- Over 10,000 living species
- Both marine and freshwater habitats
- Two general body forms: Polyp and Medusa
- Body plan: Sac with a central digestive compartment
- Single opening serving as both mouth and anus
- Ring of tentacles on oral surface
General Characters
- Multicellular organisms with tissue grade of organization
- Diploblastic, with two layers of cells: ectoderm and endoderm
- Single opening in the body for food intake and waste expulsion
- Radial symmetry
- Digestion occurs in the body cavity (coelenteron)
- Can live in marine or freshwater habitats
- Can be solitary or colonial
- Each individual is a zooid
- Two morphological forms: Polyps and Medusa
- Most are carnivorous, with some exceptions
Phylum: Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
Class: Hydrozoa
- Characteristics:
- Show asexual hydroid and sexual medusoid forms during their life cycle
- Examples: Hydra, Obelia
Class: Actinozoa (Anthozoa)
- Characteristics:
- Only have the hydroid form during their life cycle
- Example: Alcyonium
Genus: Hydra
Species: viridis
- Example: Hydra viridis
Body Structure of Hydra
- Not specified
Characteristics of Moon Jelly
- Not specified
Obelia Hydroid
- Characteristics:
- Prominent medusa and polyp forms
Jellyfish
- Characteristics:
- No eyes, nose, brain, or heart
- Body is mostly made of water and is soft
- No bones or spine
- Invertebrate animals
Test your knowledge of phylum Porifera, including their characteristics, habitat, and morphology. Learn about sponges and their unique features.
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