Biology Quiz on Viruses and Fungi

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Questions and Answers

What is the name given to the protein coat that surrounds the nucleic material of a virus?

  • Bacteriophage
  • Nucleoid
  • Host
  • Capsid (correct)

Which kingdom does NOT include organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye?

  • Kingdom Protista
  • Kingdom Fungi
  • Kingdom Animalia (correct)
  • Kingdom Monera

What is the term used to describe an organism that is made up of many cells?

  • Acellular
  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular (correct)
  • Pathogenic

Which of the following describes a virus that infects bacteria?

<p>Bacteriophage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why viruses are not categorized as a kingdom?

<p>They exhibit both living and non-living characteristics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of an obligate parasite?

<p>It can only reproduce inside a living host. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is TRUE about a virus?

<p>Viruses are made up of either DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a region within a prokaryote that contains most of the genetic material?

<p>Nucleoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic that differentiates fungi from algae?

<p>Fungi are heterotrophic while algae are autotrophic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hyphae in fungi?

<p>They help in absorbing nutrients from the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?

<p>They are prokaryotic organisms with a circular DNA molecule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of fungi is typically unicellular?

<p>Yeasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction is described when a new organism is produced by the pinching off of a portion of the parent cell?

<p>Budding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rhizoids in fungi?

<p>To anchor the fungus to a surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal group is responsible for causing a common skin infection known as athlete's foot?

<p>Moulds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a saprotrophic fungus?

<p>A mushroom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does vitamin K play in the human body?

<p>Facilitates blood clotting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mycorrhizal fungi benefit higher plants?

<p>By enhancing nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following organisms are mutualistic bacteria responsible for digestion of cellulose commonly found?

<p>Herbivorous mammals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mycorrhizal fungi receive from the higher plants in their symbiotic relationship?

<p>Sugars and carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when bacteria help maintain nitrogen balance in ecosystems?

<p>They convert nitrogen gas to ammonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes bacteria from eukaryotic organisms?

<p>Bacteria have circular DNA in the form of a nucleoid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do saprotrophic bacteria play in the ecosystem?

<p>They decompose dead organic matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called by which bacteria reproduce asexually?

<p>Binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria uses sunlight to manufacture their own food?

<p>Photosynthetic bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a plasmid in the context of bacteria?

<p>A small, circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bacteria under unfavourable environmental conditions?

<p>They form endospores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of autotrophic bacteria?

<p>They obtain energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom do protists belong to?

<p>Eukaryotic kingdom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is shared by both viruses and bacteria?

<p>They both contain both DNA and RNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are viruses considered obligate parasites?

<p>They require a host cell to replicate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to viruses that infect bacteria?

<p>Bacteriophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein coat in a virus?

<p>To protect the genetic material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT characterize a virus?

<p>Can replicate independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a eukaryotic organism?

<p>Presence of a nucleus enclosed in a membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms can be considered autotrophic?

<p>Plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?

<p>Acellular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi, setting them apart from algae?

<p>Fungi are heterotrophic, while algae are autotrophic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment investigating bread mould growth, what is the independent variable?

<p>The temperature of the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between bread mould growth and temperature?

<p>Bread mould grows best at a specific, optimal temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mycelium in a multicellular fungus?

<p>To absorb nutrients from the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are viruses not classified into one of the five kingdoms?

<p>Viruses do not reproduce independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in unicellular fungi like yeasts?

<p>Budding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is characterized by being both unicellular and prokaryotic?

<p>Bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the protein coat (capsid) in a virus?

<p>To enable the virus to attach to host cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biodiversity

The variety of organisms found in an area or on Earth.

Micro-organisms

Organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Unicellular

An organism consisting of only one cell.

Multicellular

An organism made up of many cells.

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Taxonomist

A scientist who classifies organisms into specific groups.

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Kingdoms

Five groups used for classifying all living organisms.

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Viruses

Microscopic agents that display both living and non-living characteristics.

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Capsid

A protein coat surrounding the nucleic material of a virus.

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Nucleoid

Irregular loop of DNA in prokaryotes, lacking a membrane.

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Prokaryotic

Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

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Plasmid

Small, circular, double-stranded DNA found in bacterial cytoplasm.

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Flagellum

Whip-like structure that enables bacterial movement in liquid.

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Autotrophic bacteria

Bacteria that produce their own food using sunlight or chemicals.

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Heterotrophic bacteria

Bacteria that cannot make their own food and depend on other sources.

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Binary fission

Simple cell division process in bacteria where one cell splits into two.

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Endospores

Resilient structures formed by bacteria in unfavorable conditions for survival.

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Amoeba

A protist that can be parasitic and causes diseases such as malaria.

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Zooplankton

Free-floating, aquatic animal-like protists.

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Algae

Multicellular organisms commonly known as seaweeds that contain photosynthetic pigments.

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Seaweed

A type of algae that can be free-floating or attached to a substrate.

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Fungi

A kingdom that includes molds, yeasts, and mushrooms, known for being eukaryotic and heterotrophic.

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Hyphae

Threadlike filaments that make up the mycelium of fungi.

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Mycelium

A network of fungal hyphae found in soil or organic substrates.

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Budding

A form of asexual reproduction where offspring pinch off from the parent cell.

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Virus Structure

Viruses consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.

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Acellular

Viruses are acellular, meaning they are not made up of cells.

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Obligate Internal Parasite

Viruses cannot reproduce without a host organism; they rely on living cells.

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Pathogenic Viruses

Viruses cause diseases; they are pathogens that can infect various organisms.

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Bacteriophages

Viruses that specifically infect bacteria.

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Eukaryotic

Organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus containing genetic material.

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Heterotrophic

Organisms that cannot synthesize their own food and rely on environmental sources.

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Vitamin K

A vitamin essential for blood clotting, produced by E.coli in the gut.

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Mutualistic bacteria

Bacteria that benefit both themselves and their hosts, like in ruminants' guts.

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Cellulose digestion

Process where bacteria in ruminants convert cellulose into simple sugars.

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Mycorrhizal fungi

Fungi that associate with plant roots to enhance nutrient absorption.

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Nitrogen balance

The equilibrium of nitrogen in an ecosystem, maintained by bacteria.

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Chitin

A structural polymer found in the cell walls of fungi.

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Spores

Reproductive units of multicellular fungi used for asexual reproduction.

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Optimum temperature

The ideal temperature for the growth of bread mould.

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Dependent variable

The factor measured in an experiment, such as mould growth.

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Independent variable

The factor that is changed in an experiment, such as temperature.

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