Biology Quiz on The Skeletal System
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Questions and Answers

What tissue types are present in bone?

  • Bone, cartilage, and epithelium (correct)
  • Muscle, nerve, and epithelium
  • Adipose, blood, and nervous tissue (correct)
  • All of the above

    • Hemopoiesis occurs in the yellow marrow of bones.

    False

    What is the primary function of the periosteum?

    To promote bone growth in width, assist in fracture repair, nourish bone tissue, and serve as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons.

    The ________ consists of the shaft of a long bone.

    <p>diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bone cell types with their functions:

    <p>Osteoprogenitor cells = Develop into osteoblasts Osteoblasts = Bone formation Osteocytes = Mature bone cells maintaining bone tissue Osteoclasts = Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of bones?

    <p>Protection of internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epiphyseal plate is found at the ends of bones, allowing for bone elongation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of marrow serves as a site of triglyceride storage in adult bones?

    <p>Yellow marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in endochondral ossification?

    <p>Development of the cartilage model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Growth in length of bones occurs through the activity of the epiphyseal plate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears when the epiphyseal plate closes?

    <p>epiphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone can grow in thickness only by __________ growth at the periosteum.

    <p>appositional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is NOT necessary for bone growth?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the proliferation of cartilage cells?

    <p>Zone of proliferation cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Osteoclasts = Cells that break down old bone tissue Osteoblasts = Cells that build new bone tissue Paget’s Disease = An imbalance of bone growth Medullary cavity = Central cavity within long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroid hormones are not essential for bone growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary hormones that stimulate bone growth during childhood?

    <p>Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and human growth hormone (hGH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Remodeling of bone involves the destruction of new bone tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes bone growth in diameter?

    <p>Appositional growth and internal bone dissolution by osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ fracture is characterized by a series of microscopic fissures in the bone.

    <p>stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fractures with their descriptions:

    <p>Open fracture = A broken bone that pierces through the skin Comminuted fracture = A bone that shatters into several pieces Greenstick fracture = An incomplete fracture often seen in children Pott's fracture = A fracture of the ankle involving both bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the repair of a bone fracture?

    <p>Formation of a fracture hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sex hormones do not affect growth modifications of the skeleton.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one vitamin that is essential for bone growth.

    <p>Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Vitamin B12, or Vitamin A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are osteoblasts primarily responsible for?

    <p>Building new bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osteocytes are immature bone cells derived from osteoclasts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

    <p>To break down or resorb bone tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of _______ occurs when mineral salts are deposited in a framework of collagen fibers.

    <p>calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of compact bone?

    <p>Arranged in units called osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of bone with its characteristics:

    <p>Compact Bone = Arranged in osteons, found on the outside of bones Spongy Bone = Consists of trabeculae and contains red marrow-filled spaces Osteoblasts = Bone-building cells Osteoclasts = Cells that resorb bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases blood calcium ion levels?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spongy bone contains osteons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone acts primarily as a storage reservoir for potassium ions (K+).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone is richly supplied with _______ to support its function.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a decrease in the amount and strength of bone tissue?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone remodeling is affected by mechanical stress; removal of mechanical stress leads to ________.

    <p>demineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their characteristics:

    <p>Osteoporosis = Decreased bone strength and amount Rickets = Failure of bone calcification in children Osteomalacia = Failure of bone calcification in adults Bone Scan = Diagnostic procedure for assessing bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does calcitonin play in calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Decreases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weight-bearing activities contribute to the weakening of bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principal effects of aging on bone?

    <p>Loss of calcium and decreased protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Skeletal System: The Bone Tissue

    • Bone comprises multiple tissues, including bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, blood-forming tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
    • Each bone is categorized as an organ, collectively forming the skeletal system along with cartilages.

    Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System

    • Bones support soft tissues and provide muscle attachment sites, serving as the body's structure.
    • Internal organs are protected by bony coverings.
    • Bones facilitate movement by assisting skeletal muscles.
    • Major minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, are stored and released by bones to maintain mineral balance.
    • Hemopoiesis, or blood cell formation, occurs in the red marrow of bones.
    • Yellow marrow serves as a triglyceride storage site in adults.

    Structure of Bone

    • Long bones consist of several parts: the diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), and metaphyses (areas between).
    • The epiphyseal plate is critical for bone elongation during growth.
    • Hyaline cartilage at the ends minimizes friction and absorbs shock.
    • The periosteum covers the bone, promoting growth and repair and anchoring ligaments and tendons.
    • The marrow cavity within the diaphysis contains yellow marrow or adipose tissue.

    Histology of Bone Tissue

    • Osseous tissue consists of widely spaced cells and significant extracellular matrix.
    • Four principal bone cell types:
      • Osteoprogenitor cells develop into osteoblasts.
      • Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation.
      • Osteocytes maintain mature bone tissue.
      • Osteoclasts break down bone tissue.
    • The bone matrix includes inorganic salts (like hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate) and collagen fibers, which confer hardness and tensile strength.
    • Bone regions are classified as compact (dense) or spongy (lightweight with open spaces for marrow).

    Blood and Nerve Supply of Bone

    • Bones receive a rich blood supply through various vessels.
    • Endochondral ossification involves transforming a cartilage model into bone, with six stages:
      • Cartilage development and growth.
      • Formation of primary and secondary ossification centers.
      • Development of a medullary cavity and articular cartilage.
    • Bone growth in length occurs at the epiphyseal plate, which has zones for resting, proliferation, hypertrophy, and calcification.

    Growth and Remodeling of Bone

    • Appositional growth allows bone thickness increase via osteoblast activity in the periosteum.
    • Bone remodeling is the continuous process of replacing old bone tissue with new tissue, influenced by factors like dietary intake and hormonal regulations.
    • Acute hormonal signals are required for bone growth during childhood and major growth spurts.

    Fracture and Repair of Bone

    • A fracture represents any break in bone integrity.
    • Fracture repair involves several stages, from clot formation to restoration of the bone structure.
    • Common fracture types include open, comminuted, and stress fractures.
    • Treatment requires realignment and immobilization to facilitate healing.

    Bone’s Role in Calcium Homeostasis

    • Bones act as the primary reservoir for calcium, regulating blood calcium levels through parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin.
    • PTH increases blood calcium levels, while calcitonin decreases them.

    Exercise and Bone Tissue

    • Mechanical stress strengthens bone through increased mineral deposition and collagen production.
    • Lack of stress leads to demineralization and reduced collagen.
    • Weight-bearing exercises, like walking, promote bone mass retention.

    Aging and Bone Tissue

    • Aging primarily results in the loss of minerals (demineralization) and decreased protein synthesis, heightening fracture risk.

    Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances

    • Bone scans serve as a diagnostic tool for identifying bone abnormalities.
    • Osteoporosis involves decreased bone density and strength due to hormonal changes.
    • Rickets and osteomalacia are conditions characterized by poor bone mineralization.

    Medical Terminology

    • Familiarity with medical terms related to skeletal tissue is essential for effective communication in the field.

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the skeletal system through this quiz focused on bone tissue and its various components. Test your knowledge on the functions of bone and how it supports the body. Ideal for students studying this essential aspect of human anatomy.

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