Biology Quiz on Respiration and Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following gases is inhaled during breathing?

  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Oxygen (correct)
  • Nitrogen
  • Helium

    • Exhalation involves the diaphragm moving downward.

    False

    What is the role of hemoglobin in the red blood cells?

    To carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body.

    In plants, respiration occurs through __________ in leaves.

    <p>stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to carbon dioxide during the day in plants?

    <p>It is used for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of blood with their functions:

    <p>Plasma = Fluid medium for cells Red Blood Cells = Transport oxygen White Blood Cells = Fight infections Platelets = Help in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do terrestrial organisms have an advantage over aquatic organisms regarding oxygen intake?

    <p>Terrestrial organisms can access higher concentrations of oxygen in the air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiration in woody stems occurs through stomata.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of nutrition?

    <p>Photosynthetic Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All living organisms reproduce through autotrophic nutrition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents holozoic nutrition?

    <p>Amoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is released during photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose is called __________.

    <p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In parasitic nutrition, the organism feeds on the host but does not kill it.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nutritional processes with their definitions:

    <p>Autotrophic Nutrition = Synthesizing food from inorganic substances Heterotrophic Nutrition = Obtaining food from other organisms Saprophytic Nutrition = Nourishment from decaying organic matter Photosynthesis = Conversion of light energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the finger-like extensions used by Amoeba to take in food called?

    <p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The enzyme secreted by salivary glands in humans that helps digest starch is called ______.

    <p>salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water is absorbed by the plant's __________ for photosynthesis.

    <p>roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organs with their functions:

    <p>Mouth = Ingestion and initial digestion Stomach = Secretion of gastric juice Small Intestine = Complete digestion and absorption Oesophagus = Transport of food to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the digestion of food in the human mouth?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are stomata responsible for?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pepsin is an enzyme that digests carbohydrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the sphincter muscle play in the digestion process?

    <p>Regulates the exit of food into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Xylem in plants?

    <p>Transports water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phloem transport occurs only in an upward direction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates root pressure in plants?

    <p>Active uptake of ions and water movement from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of removing toxic wastes from the body is called __________.

    <p>excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organs with their functions in the human excretory system:

    <p>Kidney = Cleans blood and removes unwanted substances Ureter = Collects urine from kidneys Urinary bladder = Stores urine Nephrons = Functional units of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily transported by Phloem?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transpiration involves the loss of water vapor from the roots of the plant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process in the phloem is responsible for moving materials according to the plant's needs?

    <p>Translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the nephron contains a bundle of blood capillaries?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nephron is the primary filtration unit of the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nitrogenous waste is primarily removed from the blood in the kidneys?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants excrete gaseous waste through _____ and lenticels.

    <p>stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the nephron with their functions:

    <p>Glomerulus = Filters blood Collecting duct = Collects urine Bowman's capsule = Encases glomerulus Tubular part = Reabsorbs useful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of arteries?

    <p>To carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart has three chambers: two atria and one ventricle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the blood vessels that connect arteries to veins.

    <p>capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ brings oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.

    <p>pulmonary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of circulation with their descriptions:

    <p>Pulmonary circulation = Blood circulation from the heart to the lungs and back Systemic circulation = Blood circulation from the heart to the rest of the body and back Double circulation = Blood travels twice through the heart in one complete cycle Single circulation = Blood circulates through a two-chambered heart once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated in the heart.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the septum do in the heart?

    <p>It separates the chambers of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Life Processes

    • Life processes are the basic functions performed by living organisms to sustain life on Earth.
    • These essential functions include nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.

    Nutrition

    • Nutrition is the process of intake and utilization of nutrients by an organism to obtain energy and build cells.
    • Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water.
    • Two main types of nutrition are autotrophic and heterotrophic.

    Autotrophic Nutrition

    • Autotrophs synthesize their own food from simple inorganic substances (like carbon dioxide and water) using energy from sunlight.
    • Example: Green plants, bacteria.
    • Photosynthesis is the main process used by some autotrophs to produce their food.

    Heterotrophic Nutrition

    • Heterotrophs cannot produce their own food. They obtain energy and nutrients from other organisms.
    • Types include saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic.
    • Saprophytes obtain nutrition from dead and decaying matter.
    • Parasites obtain nutrition from other living organisms.
    • Holozoic nutrition involves ingesting and digesting solid food.

    Nutrition in Animals (Heterotrophic)

    • Saprophytic nutrition: Obtain nutrition from dead and decaying matter, example: Fungi.
    • Parasitic nutrition: Obtain nutrition from a living host without killing it, example: Lice, ticks.
    • Holozoic nutrition: Obtain nutrition by ingesting, digesting, and absorbing nutrients from food, example: Amoeba, humans.

    Nutrition in Humans

    • Ingestion in the mouth: Teeth break down food; saliva contains amylase (enzyme) to digest starch.
    • Oesophagus (food pipe): Muscular contractions (peristalsis) move food to the stomach.
    • Stomach: Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid (creates acidic environment for pepsin), pepsin (protein digestion), and mucus (protects stomach lining).
    • Small intestine: The site for complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Enzymes from the liver (bile) and pancreas (trypsin, lipase) aid in digestion.
    • Absorption in the small intestine: Nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream via villi.
    • Large intestine: Water reabsorbed; undigested material forms feces.
    • Elimination via the anus.

    Respiration

    • Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food within the cells.
    • Two types: aerobic and anaerobic.

    Aerobic Respiration

    • Requires oxygen; breaks down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water, releasing much energy.
    • Occurs in the mitochondria.
    • 38 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule.

    Anaerobic Respiration

    • Does not require oxygen.
    • Breaks down glucose incompletely into less energy-rich products like ethanol or lactic acid.
    • Occurs in the cytoplasm.
    • Produces fewer ATP molecules (2 ATP per glucose in yeast) or lactic acid (in muscle cells).

    Respiration in Plants

    • Plants respire throughout their lives, both by day and by night.
    • Respiration occurs in cells by taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
    • During the day, photosynthesis produces oxygen, so oxygen production exceeds respiration use and oxygen is produced as a byproduct, but if there is no photosynthesis at night, only respiration takes place and carbon dioxide is produced.

    Human Respiratory System

    • Air enters through the nose and is filtered by hairs.
    • Air passes through the pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and bronchioles to the alveoli.
    • The site of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is in the alveoli.
    • Inhalation: Chest cavity expands; diaphragm contracts. Air enters the lungs.
    • Exhalation: Chest cavity retracts; diaphragm relaxes. Air leaves the lungs.

    Human Circulatory System

    • The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels.
    • The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body to deliver oxygen and remove waste products, which is then returned to the heart.
    • Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
    • Three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    • The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The heart uses valves to help prevent blood from flowing backward.
    • Circulation: blood travels from the heart to the lungs then to the rest of the body and then back to the heart.

    Excretion

    • Removal of metabolic waste from the body.
    • Important excretory organs are the kidneys.
    • Kidneys filter blood, reclaiming valuable substances, and excreting wastes as urine.
    • Urine passes through the ureters to the bladder and is expelled via the urethra.
    • Plants also excrete through stomata, releasing gaseous wastes like carbon dioxide, and through shedding leaves or in the form of gums and resins.

    Transport in Plants

    • Plants have two transport systems: xylem (transports water and minerals) and phloem (transports food).
    • Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to stems and leaves. This movement occurs through transpiration, which is the loss of water from the leaves through stomata.
    • Phloem transports food (sugars) from areas of production (like leaves) to growing or storage tissues. This movement occurs using energy from ATP.

    Nephron

    • Nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney.
    • It filters blood, reabsorbs essential substances, and forms urine.
    • Urea, a nitrogenous waste, is a major component of urine.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on respiration and nutrition processes in both plants and animals. This quiz covers various topics, including the role of gases during breathing, the functions of hemoglobin, and modes of nutrition. Perfect for students studying biology!

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