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Questions and Answers
Which of the following processes converts nitrogen gas directly into a form usable by plants?
Which of the following processes converts nitrogen gas directly into a form usable by plants?
- Nitrification
- Assimilation
- Nitrogen Fixation (correct)
- Denitrification
In the water cycle, what process involves the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere?
In the water cycle, what process involves the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere?
- Transpiration (correct)
- Condensation
- Evaporation
- Seepage
What role do nitrites and nitrates play in the nitrogen cycle?
What role do nitrites and nitrates play in the nitrogen cycle?
- Conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonia
- Conversion of ammonia into nitrogen gas
- Building blocks of plant proteins
- Intermediate products in converting ammonia to forms plants can use (correct)
Which process involves water moving through the ground and into underground lakes or aquifers?
Which process involves water moving through the ground and into underground lakes or aquifers?
What is the primary function of glucose in plants?
What is the primary function of glucose in plants?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
In the chemical equation for photosynthesis, what does $6CO_2$ represent?
In the chemical equation for photosynthesis, what does $6CO_2$ represent?
What is the role of ATP in cellular respiration?
What is the role of ATP in cellular respiration?
How does pollution primarily affect ecosystems?
How does pollution primarily affect ecosystems?
What is the impact of habitat loss on ecosystems?
What is the impact of habitat loss on ecosystems?
In an ecological pyramid of energy, where is energy the highest?
In an ecological pyramid of energy, where is energy the highest?
Which of the following is a consequence of plastic pollution?
Which of the following is a consequence of plastic pollution?
Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through a standard energy pyramid?
Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through a standard energy pyramid?
According to Lindeman's 10% rule, what is the primary reason energy is lost when it moves between trophic levels?
According to Lindeman's 10% rule, what is the primary reason energy is lost when it moves between trophic levels?
How does the biomass pyramid of a forest ecosystem differ from that of an ocean ecosystem?
How does the biomass pyramid of a forest ecosystem differ from that of an ocean ecosystem?
What is the primary factor that determines the shape of an ecological pyramid of numbers?
What is the primary factor that determines the shape of an ecological pyramid of numbers?
Which level of an energy pyramid has the greatest amount of energy?
Which level of an energy pyramid has the greatest amount of energy?
What is the approximate percentage of biomass that is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next within an ecosystem?
What is the approximate percentage of biomass that is typically transferred from one trophic level to the next within an ecosystem?
Which of the following is true of an ecological pyramid of numbers?
Which of the following is true of an ecological pyramid of numbers?
What role do decomposers play in the energy pyramid?
What role do decomposers play in the energy pyramid?
When dividing values in scientific notation, which step is performed with the exponents?
When dividing values in scientific notation, which step is performed with the exponents?
What is the purpose of dimensional analysis?
What is the purpose of dimensional analysis?
Which celestial object is described as a small rocky object that orbits the Sun, located primarily between Mars and Jupiter?
Which celestial object is described as a small rocky object that orbits the Sun, located primarily between Mars and Jupiter?
What distinguishes comets from asteroids and meteors?
What distinguishes comets from asteroids and meteors?
Why do we always see the same side of the Moon from Earth?
Why do we always see the same side of the Moon from Earth?
What is a 'waxing crescent' moon?
What is a 'waxing crescent' moon?
What is a lunar eclipse?
What is a lunar eclipse?
What is the primary energy source of stars?
What is the primary energy source of stars?
If a star has a luminosity of 1, how does its brightness compare to that of the Sun?
If a star has a luminosity of 1, how does its brightness compare to that of the Sun?
In the detritus food chain, what is the relationship between the number of creatures and the position in the pyramid?
In the detritus food chain, what is the relationship between the number of creatures and the position in the pyramid?
What color would a star with a surface temperature of approximately 10,000° Celsius likely appear?
What color would a star with a surface temperature of approximately 10,000° Celsius likely appear?
Which of the following best defines 'mass' in the context of matter?
Which of the following best defines 'mass' in the context of matter?
Which layer of the Sun is considered the reaction center?
Which layer of the Sun is considered the reaction center?
What is a solar flare?
What is a solar flare?
According to the content, what is the key difference in particle arrangement between solids and liquids?
According to the content, what is the key difference in particle arrangement between solids and liquids?
How does the motion of particles in a gas differ from the motion of particles in a liquid?
How does the motion of particles in a gas differ from the motion of particles in a liquid?
According to the Nebula theory, how did the Sun form?
According to the Nebula theory, how did the Sun form?
Based on the content, which statement accurately describes the attraction between particles in different states of matter?
Based on the content, which statement accurately describes the attraction between particles in different states of matter?
Which of the following is not a component of a galaxy?
Which of the following is not a component of a galaxy?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes a pure substance from a mixture?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes a pure substance from a mixture?
What is the term for the amount of energy a star produces each second?
What is the term for the amount of energy a star produces each second?
Which of the following is the best example of a mechanical (heterogeneous) mixture, as described in the content?
Which of the following is the best example of a mechanical (heterogeneous) mixture, as described in the content?
What is the key difference between elements and compounds?
What is the key difference between elements and compounds?
Which of the following is the best example of a physical change?
Which of the following is the best example of a physical change?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chemical change?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chemical change?
What is a defining characteristic of an element?
What is a defining characteristic of an element?
Which of the following describes the formation of an ionic bond?
Which of the following describes the formation of an ionic bond?
What is the correct name for the compound with the formula $N_2O_5$?
What is the correct name for the compound with the formula $N_2O_5$?
Which group of the periodic table are known for being the most reactive nonmetals?
Which group of the periodic table are known for being the most reactive nonmetals?
What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms?
What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetal atoms?
In which of the following would you most likely find a cation?
In which of the following would you most likely find a cation?
Flashcards
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen Fixation
The process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3), which plants can use. This is done by certain bacteria and lightning.
Nitrification
Nitrification
The conversion of ammonia (NH3) to nitrites (NO2-) and nitrates (NO3-), which are also usable forms of nitrogen for plants. This is carried out by specialized bacteria.
Assimilation
Assimilation
The process where plants absorb nitrates and nitrites from the soil and use them to build proteins and other organic compounds.
Ammonification
Ammonification
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Denitrification
Denitrification
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Pollution
Pollution
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Habitat Loss
Habitat Loss
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Energy Pyramid
Energy Pyramid
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Biomass Pyramid
Biomass Pyramid
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Scientific Notation Division
Scientific Notation Division
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Dimensional Analysis (DA)
Dimensional Analysis (DA)
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Satellite
Satellite
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Asteroid
Asteroid
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Comet
Comet
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Meteoroid
Meteoroid
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Meteor
Meteor
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Meteorite
Meteorite
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Moon
Moon
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Phases of the Moon
Phases of the Moon
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Solar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse
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Lunar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
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Star
Star
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Luminosity
Luminosity
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Apparent Brightness
Apparent Brightness
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What is matter?
What is matter?
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What is volume?
What is volume?
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What are the states of matter?
What are the states of matter?
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What is a pure substance?
What is a pure substance?
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What is an element?
What is an element?
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What is a compound?
What is a compound?
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What is a mixture?
What is a mixture?
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What is a mechanical mixture?
What is a mechanical mixture?
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What is a solution?
What is a solution?
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Physical Change
Physical Change
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Lindeman's 10% Rule
Lindeman's 10% Rule
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Chemical Change
Chemical Change
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Element
Element
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Upright Biomass Pyramid
Upright Biomass Pyramid
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Compound
Compound
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Inverted Biomass Pyramid
Inverted Biomass Pyramid
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Pyramid of Numbers
Pyramid of Numbers
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Ionic Bond
Ionic Bond
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Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
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Upright Pyramid of Numbers
Upright Pyramid of Numbers
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Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical Nomenclature
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Inverted Pyramid of Numbers
Inverted Pyramid of Numbers
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Study Notes
Astronomy
- Earth's axis tilt (23.5 degrees) creates seasons as Earth orbits the sun
- Seasons change due to the tilt and revolution of Earth.
- When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, and winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
Planets
- Planets orbit the sun due to their velocity and the sun's gravity.
- Greater mass means a greater gravitational pull.
- Inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are primarily composed of rock.
- Outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are primarily composed of gas.
- Dwarf planets (Pluto, Ceres, Haumea, Makemake, Eris) fulfill some but not all the criteria for being a planet. They are large enough to be pulled into a spherical shape by gravity, and they orbit a star, but they haven't cleared all the objects from their orbit.
Distances in Space
- Astronomical Unit (AU): Used to measure distances in our solar system.
- 1 AU is the distance between Earth and the Sun (149,000,000 km).
- Light year (ly): Used to measure distances in interstellar space.
- Light travels at a speed of 9.461 x 10^12 km per year (1 light year = 9.461 x 1012 km).
Scientific Notation
- Used to concisely write very large or very small numbers
- A coefficient multiplied by a power of 10 (e.g., 5 x 103 or 2 x 10-6).
Satellites
- Moons are natural satellites which orbit planets.
- Artificial satellites are put into orbit by humans (e.g. internet, cellphones, TV).
Asteroids
- Thousands of smaller objects between Mars and Jupiter called asteroids.
- This area is known as the asteroid belt.
- Small rocky objects orbiting the sun.
Comets
- Revolve around the sun in fixed orbits.
- Different from asteroids and meteors, mostly made of ice and dust.
Meteoroids
- Small rocky objects traveling through space.
- Much smaller than asteroids.
Meteors
- Meteoroid that has entered Earth's atmosphere.
- Burns up and creates a bright streak in the sky ("shooting star").
Meteorites
- Meteors that don't burn up completely and land on Earth's surface.
- Can cause damage if large enough.
Moon
- Takes 27.3 days to orbit Earth and rotate on its axis.
- We always see the same side of the moon.
- Non-luminous, reflects sunlight.
- No atmosphere.
Phases of the Moon
- Different appearances of the moon as it orbits Earth due to its position relative to the sun. (new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent).
Solar Eclipse
- Moon passes directly between the sun and Earth.
- Earth is temporarily in shadow.
Lunar Eclipse
- Earth passes directly between the sun and moon
- Moon is temporarily in shadow.
Planetary Transits
- When a planet passes directly between Earth and the sun.
Stars
- Hot balls of electrically charged gas.
- Luminous (produce energy through nuclear fusion)
- Primarily composed of hydrogen.
- Differ in luminosity, colour, and temperature.
Sun
- Our star, a hot ball of plasma.
- Central to our solar system
- Has a structure with a core, radiative zone, convective zone.
Big Bang Theory
- Exploding hot ball of matter leading to the expansion of the universe, creating everything.
Nebula Theory
- Hypothesis stating how the solar system is formed from a nebula.
Greenhouse Effect
- Earth absorbs 50% of the sun's energy which is released back as heat.
Ecology
- Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecological Pyramids
- Diagrammatic representation of energy flow, biomass, or number in an ecosystem.
Biomass Pyramid
- Total mass/weight of each trophic level in an ecosystem.
- Amount of biomass is largest at the producer level.
Pyramid of Numbers
- Represents the number of individual organisms in each trophic level.
- Often upright, representing more producers to consumers, but Can be inverted, as in some ocean ecosystems.
- The number of organisms diminishes as one moves up the food chain.
Chemistry
- G – Given; R – Required; A – Analysis; S – Solution; S – Statement
- Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass.
- States of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and particle arrangement.
- Particles in matter are always in motion
- Relationship between temperature and the motion of particles.
- Pure substances: Elements and compounds
- Mixtures: Mechanical (heterogeneous) and solutions (homogeneous).
- Physical properties (e.g., state, color, density, melting point, solubility) and how to observe them
- Chemical properties (e.g., flammability, reactivity) and how to identify them.
- Distinguish Physical changes vs Chemical Changes
- Difference between elements and compounds.
Atomic Notation
- How atoms are represented with their atomic number (protons) and mass number (protons + neutrons).
Ionic Bonds
- Bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal.
- Formation of ions due to the transfer of electrons.
Covalent Bonds
- Bonds formed between nonmetals.
- Sharing of electrons.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key biological cycles, including the nitrogen and water cycles. This quiz explores how these processes impact ecosystems, plant growth, and energy flow. Ideal for biology students wanting to assess their understanding of essential concepts.
