Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?
Which functional group is found in proteins and makes their three-dimensional structure more stable?
Which of the following is a property of acids?
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
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Which of the following is NOT a dehydration synthesis reaction?
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Which of the following is the most encompassing level of organization?
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Which of the following words does NOT belong with the others?
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Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?
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Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured?
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Which of these does not occur when a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom?
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Which word does NOT belong with the others?
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A cell is inhibited during the S phase of its cycle. It will not reproduce due to lack of what?
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A small, low-growing plant found on the surface of a sun-exposed rock on a dry hillside would most likely use which type of photosynthesis?
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Apoptosis occurs when?
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ATP and NADPH are both used during the Calvin cycle. What is the function of each?
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VATP is invested in glycolysis to ________.
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Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?
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Energy to drive the formation of ATP in photosynthesis is derived from ____________.
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How many molecules of C2 acetyl groups are produced from six molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) during aerobic respiration?
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In a redox reaction, reduction means _________, and oxidation means _________.
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In C4 plants, the light reactions will stop during the daytime when the supply of what compound is limited?
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Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuation in concentration during the cell cycle, are called ________.
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Study Notes
Classification Hierarchy
- Biological classification categories from least to most inclusive: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain.
Functional Groups in Proteins
- The -SH (sulfhydryl) functional group contributes to the stability of protein structures by forming disulfide bridges.
Properties of Acids
- Acids are characterized by their ability to release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Organic Molecules
- C6H12O6, known as glucose, is an example of an organic molecule crucial for life processes.
Dehydration Synthesis Reactions
- Glycogen forming glucose molecules does not represent a dehydration synthesis; this process typically involves the formation of larger molecules from smaller ones with the release of water.
Solvents in Biology
- A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving other substances, with water being the most common solvent in biological systems.
Levels of Biological Organization
- The ecosystem represents the most comprehensive level of organization in biological classifications, encompassing communities and their interactions with the environment.
Glycogen Classification
- Glycogen is a polysaccharide and does not fit into a category with other types of molecules like proteins or lipids.
Water's Heat Capacity
- Water's high heat capacity allows living organisms to maintain internal body temperature across fluctuating environmental conditions.
Protein Structure and Denaturation
- Denaturation of a protein primarily affects its secondary and tertiary structures, while the primary structure (amino acid sequence) remains intact.
Ionic Bond Formation
- The transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine does not involve a sharing of electrons; such sharing characterizes covalent bonds, not ionic.
Sugar Classification
- Sucrose, a disaccharide, does not belong with polysaccharides like starch and glycogen.
Cell Cycle Inhibition
- DNA synthesis is essential for cell reproduction; a cell halted in the S phase cannot replicate due to insufficient DNA.
Photosynthesis Types
- A small plant on a dry, sun-exposed hillside likely uses CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthesis, conserving water efficiently in arid conditions.
Apoptosis Process
- Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death where damaged cells fragment and are engulfed by other cells through phagocytosis.
Calvin Cycle Components
- In the Calvin cycle, ATP provides energy, while NADPH serves as a reducing agent by donating electrons.
Glycolysis and Glucose
- ATP is consumed during glycolysis to break glucose down into two three-carbon molecules.
Cell Cycle Observation
- A cell with two nuclei observed in onion root tip cells is indicative of the telophase or cytokinesis stage of the cell cycle.
ATP Formation in Photosynthesis
- The formation of ATP during photosynthesis is driven by a proton (H+) gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
Aerobic Respiration Yield
- Six molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) yield a total of 12 acetyl-CoA (C2) groups when metabolized anaerobically.
Redox Reaction Definitions
- In redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions, reduction refers to the gain of electrons, while oxidation refers to their loss.
C4 Plant Responses
- C4 plants can cease light reactions during the day if NADP+ supplies become limited.
Cell Cycle Regulation
- Cyclins are proteins that regulate progress through the cell cycle, showing varying concentrations at different stages.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biological classification and the properties of organic molecules, acids, and functional groups in proteins. This quiz covers key concepts from levels of biological organization to the role of solvents in biological systems.
