Amino Acid Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which amino acids are classified as glucogenic?

  • Arginine (correct)
  • Leucine
  • Valine (correct)
  • Lysine

What is the main consequence of a deficiency in essential amino acids?

  • It only affects muscle development.
  • It can lead to growth and health issues. (correct)
  • It does not affect health.
  • It can be compensated with nonessential amino acids.

Which of the following amino acids is semi-essential?

  • Methionine
  • Threonine
  • Valine
  • Histidine (correct)

Which statement accurately describes ketogenic amino acids?

<p>They convert primarily into ketone bodies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is optically inactive?

<p>Glycine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of amino acids that differentiates them from one another?

<p>The variable R group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes neutral amino acids?

<p>They have one amino group and one carboxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of amino acid contains two amino groups and one carboxyl group?

<p>Basic amino acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids can participate in protein structure?

<p>20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the amino acids found in mammals?

<p>They are all L-amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are classified as basic amino acids?

<p>Lysine, Ornithine, Citrulline, Arginine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes essential amino acids from non-essential amino acids?

<p>Essential amino acids must be obtained through diet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are classified as hydroxy amino acids?

<p>Serine, Threonine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids contains sulfur in its structure?

<p>Methionine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is known to contain an imidazole group?

<p>Histidine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amino Acid Definition

The building blocks of proteins, organic acids with an NH2 group.

Amino Acid Formula

H2N - CH - C - OH | R

R group in amino acid

The differing chemical group in each of the 20 amino acids.

Neutral Amino Acids

Amino acids with one amino and one carboxyl group.

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Acidic Amino Acids

Amino acids with two carboxyl and one amino group.

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Basic Amino Acids

Amino acids with two amino and one carboxyl group.

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Amino Acid Classification

Categorizing amino acids based on chemical properties (neutral, acidic, or basic).

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Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from food.

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Nonessential Amino Acids

Amino acids that the body can create on its own.

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Glucogenic Amino Acids

Amino acids that can be converted into glucose precursors.

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Ketogenic Amino Acids

Amino acids that can be converted into ketone bodies.

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Optical Activity (Amino Acids)

Except for glycine, all amino acids can rotate plane-polarized light.

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Valine

A Glucogenic amino acid.

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Isoleucine

A Ketogenic and Glucogenic amino acid.

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Arginine

A Glucogenic amino acid, often considered semi-essential

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Histidine

A Glucogenic amino acid, often considered semi-essential.

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Amino Acid Classification

Amino acids are divided into essential and non-essential categories based on need and whether the body can produce them.

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Amino Acids

Organic molecules containing an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH).

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Neutral Amino Acids

Amino acids without a net charge at physiological pH.

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Aliphatic Amino Acids

Neutral amino acids with a hydrocarbon chain as their side chain.

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Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that the body can't make and must be obtained from food.

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Hydroxy Amino Acids

Amino acids containing a hydroxyl group (-OH).

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Sulfur-containing Amino Acids

Amino acids containing sulfur, often in the form of sulfhydryl groups (-SH).

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Heterocyclic Amino Acids

Amino acids with a cyclic ring structure in their side chains.

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Aromatic Amino Acids

Amino acids with an aromatic ring in their side chains.

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Acidic Amino Acids

Amino acids with a net negative charge at physiological pH.

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Basic Amino Acids

Amino acids with a net positive charge at physiological pH.

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Study Notes

Amino Acid Classification

  • Amino acids are organic acids that contain amino and carboxyl groups
  • They are classified based on the properties of the R group
  • Amino acids are classified by chemical methods or by their metabolic classification

Classification of Amino Acids

  • Chemical Classification:
    • Neutral amino acids: do not contain 2nd amino or carboxyl group
    • Acidic amino acids: contain 2nd carboxyl group
    • Basic amino acids: contain 2nd amino group
  • Metabolic Classification:
    • Glucogenic amino acids: converted to glucose in the body
    • Ketogenic amino acids: converted to ketone bodies in the body
    • Mixed amino acids precursors: can be converted to both glucose and ketone bodies

Properties of Amino Acids

  • Optical activity: All amino acids except glycine are optically active (they deviate the plane polarised light either to the left or to the right).
  • Biological classification:
    • Indispensable amino acids: not synthesized (essential) by the body and must be supplied in the diet
    • Dispensable amino acids: can be synthesized or produced by the body

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