Biology Quiz on Cell Structure and Function

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What is the primary function of the mitochondrion in a eukaryotic cell?

Cell division

Aerobic respiration (correct)

Genetic storage

Protein synthesis

Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomes within the nucleus?

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

Nucleolus (correct)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Presence of ribosomes (correct)

Double membrane structure

Location within the cell

Function in lipid synthesis

What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

Formation of the spindle during cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells?

Plasmid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Digesting waste materials Signup and view all the answers

What role do pili play in prokaryotic cells?

Adhesion to surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

Transporting substances Signup and view all the answers

What function do mitochondria serve in sperm cells?

Produce energy in the form of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the cortical reaction during fertilization?

Thicken the zona pellucida Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for gametes to be haploid?

To ensure diploid number is restored at fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What happens during crossing over in meiosis?

Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange DNA Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a homologous pair of chromosomes?

They contain the same genes in the same order from both parents Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of crossing over in meiosis?

It promotes genetic variation by creating new combinations of alleles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about meiosis is true?

It produces haploid gametes through two rounds of division Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of interphase does the synthesis of DNA occur?

S Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT a way meiosis generates genetic variation?

Mitosis of somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

G2 Signup and view all the answers

What role do hydrolytic enzymes play during the acrosome reaction?

They help digest the zona pellucida Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis?

The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes results in genetic variation due to:

The random arrangement of chromosomes at the equator during metaphase I. Signup and view all the answers

Which process follows after mitosis in the cell cycle?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of G1 phase during interphase?

Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes what happens during anaphase?

Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding acetyl groups to histone proteins?

DNA becomes more accessible for transcription. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding methylation and acetylation?

Methylation is generally more permanent than acetylation. Signup and view all the answers

When describing data, which phrase is most appropriate to indicate a decrease?

The value is lower than before. Signup and view all the answers

Which step is crucial when identifying a general trend in data?

Describing only the aspect the question asks about. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions is recommended when comparing two values?

Value A is higher than Value B. Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective method for manipulating figures in data analysis?

Subtracting one value from another. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended technique for describing data?

Providing excessive background information. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if asked to compare data points?

Use comparative words in every sentence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in preparing garlic root tips for observing stages of the cell cycle?

Put root tips in acid Signup and view all the answers

Why is toluidine blue used in the preparation of garlic root tips?

To stain the chromosomes for better observation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'totipotent' refer to in cell biology?

A cell that can produce other totipotent cells and differentiate into any cell type Signup and view all the answers

Which safety equipment is essential when preparing garlic root tips in the laboratory?

Lab coat to prevent dye from staining clothes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of macerating the root tip with a mounted needle?

To allow the dye to reach all cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a gene?

To code for a protein based on nucleotide sequences Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the physical expression of a characteristic?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes continuous variation from discontinuous variation?

Continuous variation is influenced by many genes at multiple loci Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes epigenetics?

Heritable changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

What does 'locus' refer to in genetics?

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental factors influence genetic variation?

They contribute to multifactorial conditions Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the genome, what does it encompass?

All alleles and genes in a diploid cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of DNA methylation on gene expression?

It can silence gene expression by adding methyl groups Signup and view all the answers