10 Questions
Match the subcellular structure with its function:
Nucleus = Contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes that controls the cell's activities Cytoplasm = Gel-like substance where all the chemical reactions occur in the cells Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell where cellular respiration takes place Ribosomes = Site where the production of proteins takes place in the cell
Match the organelle with its description:
Chloroplast = Contains a green substance called chlorophyll used for photosynthesis Vacuole = Contains cell sap which inflates the cell Cell membrane = Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out by providing a selective barrier Cell wall = Made up of cellulose and makes the cell wall rigid for support
Match the type of DNA with its location:
Chromosomal DNA = Contains genetic material and flows in the cell's cytoplasm Plasmid = Small loops of extra DNA used for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria One long circular loop of DNA = Controls the cell’s activities and replication, floats free in the cytoplasm, not in a nucleus Chromosomes in the nucleus = Contain genetic material and control the cell's activities
Match the cell type with its description:
Eukaryotic cells = Large and complex cells found in animals and plants Prokaryotic cells = Simpler and smaller cells than eukaryotic cells, found in bacteria
Match the function with its corresponding organelle:
Energy production through cellular respiration = Mitochondria Protein synthesis = Ribosomes Photosynthesis using chlorophyll = Chloroplast Selective barrier for controlling what goes in and out of the cell = Cell membrane
Match the following microscope types with their invention decade:
Light microscopes = 1590s Electron microscopes = 1930s TEMs microscope transmission electron microscopes = Not mentioned Scanning electron microscopes = Not mentioned
Match the following microscope features with their functions:
Magnify images = Microscopes Increase resolution = Microscopes Control what goes in and out of the cell = Cell membrane Support the cell membrane = Cell wall
Match the following cell components with their visibility under light microscopes:
Nuclei = Visible Chloroplasts = Visible Mitochondria internal structure = Not visible Viruses = Not visible
Match the following microscope types with their characteristics:
Higher magnification and resolution = TEMs microscope transmission electron microscopes Portable and less expensive = Light microscopes Complicated process to prepare specimens = TEMs microscope transmission electron microscopes Used for living tissue observation = Light microscopes
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Resolution = How clear an image could be seen Magnification = Enlarging images Subcellular structures understanding = Electron microscopes invention impact Detail increase in images = Resolution improvement
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Eukaryotic cells are large and complex, found in animals and plants, and have a subcellular structure with specific functions.
- Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller, found in bacteria, and lack a true nucleus.
Subcellular Structure and Function
- Nucleus: contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes, controlling the cell's activities.
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance where chemical reactions occur.
- Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration, containing enzymes needed for the reaction.
- Ribosomes: site of protein production in the cell.
- Cell membrane: holds the cell together, controls what goes in and out, and provides a selective barrier with receptor molecules for cell communication.
- Chloroplast: contains chlorophyll, used for photosynthesis.
- Vacuole: contains cell sap, inflating the cell.
- Cell wall: made of cellulose, making the cell wall rigid and providing support.
Prokaryotic Cell Features
- DNA is a long, circular loop that controls the cell's activities and replication, floating free in the cytoplasm.
- Chromosomal DNA: contains genetic material, flowing in the cell's cytoplasm.
- Plasmid: small loops of extra DNA, used for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
Microscopy
- Microscopes use lenses to magnify images, increasing resolution and detail.
- Light microscopes: invented in the 1590s, allowing us to see nuclei and chloroplasts.
- Electron microscopes: invented in the 1930s, allowing us to see smaller structures like mitochondrial internal structure.
- TEMs (Transmission Electron Microscopes): higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes, but not portable, expensive, and complicated to prepare specimens.
Test your knowledge on the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Learn about the differences between these two types of cells and their subcellular structures.
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