Biology Quiz: Molecular Cloning and Genetics

The process of cutting and inserting a desired gene (DNA fragment) into a vector (usually a virus or bacterial plasmid) for the purpose of transferring it to another cell.

A DNA molecule that acts as a carrier to transport foreign genetic material into another cell.

A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.

A distinct portion of DNA that is responsible for a specific inherited trait. It's like a set of instructions within the code of life.

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the genes it carries.

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environmental factors.

The process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA, and then from RNA to protein.

A type of genetic engineering that alters the genetic makeup of plants to introduce desirable traits like pest resistance or herbicide tolerance.

The outer covering of an animal's body that provides protection.

Special hairs found on mammals that are sensitive to touch.

A firm structure that provides support and protection for the body, and allows muscles to attach.

A skeleton made of fluids within the body.

A hard external covering that provides protection and support.

A hard internal framework that provides support for the body.

Muscles that are controlled consciously.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

The process of creating messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA. It's the first step in protein synthesis.

The process of using mRNA as a template to build proteins. It's the second step in protein synthesis.

A group of three consecutive bases (nucleotides) on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during translation.

A technique that allows scientists to insert genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism. It's used to create genetically modified organisms.

A type of genetically modified organism that produces proteins harmful to certain insects, reducing the need for pesticides.

Plants genetically modified to tolerate specific herbicides, allowing farmers to control weeds without harming the crop.

A type of genetically modified crop, often rice, that has been enhanced to provide more nutrients, such as vitamin A.

The technique of combining DNA sequences from different sources to create recombinant DNA. This is a core tool in genetic engineering.

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body, despite changes in the external world.

The process of how the body takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.

The act of taking in oxygen into the lungs and releasing carbon dioxide.

The use of entire skin to exchange gases.

The process of sending nerve impulses throughout the body to regulate most activities.

Produces hormones that control many bodily activities.

Protects against injury and infections. Provides structure and support.

Moves limbs and trunk through the body.

The growth pattern of plants characterized by continuous addition of new branches, leaves, and roots throughout their life.

The response of plants to contact stimuli, like a plant closing its leaves when touched.

Plant roots that develop from organs other than roots, like stems or leaves.

Plant hormones that promote seed germination and growth of new leaves.

Plant hormones that delay aging and help maintain plant health.

Tissues that transport nutrients throughout the plant.

Located at the tips of stems and roots, these tissues allow plants to grow longer.

Found on the nodes of stems, these tissues help plants form branches.

A specialized tissue that allows growth in diameter of stems and roots.

Tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Tissue responsible for transporting organic nutrients throughout the plant.

They protect the plant's surface and cover all plant organs.

The outer layer of the plant's skin that helps prevent water loss.