Biology Quiz: Macromolecules and Water Properties

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Which of the following elements is not found in lipids?

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen (correct)

What are the monomers of proteins?

Amino acids (correct)

Sugars

Fatty acids

Nucleotides

What role do enzymes play in biochemical reactions?

They increase the activation energy required.

They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction. (correct)

They change the products of the reaction.

They act as substrates in reactions.

Which of the following is a characteristic of nucleic acids?

They are composed of nucleotides. Signup and view all the answers

A solution with a pH of 5 is considered to be:

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for water's polarity?

Oxygen's higher electronegativity compared to hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What property of water allows it to resist temperature changes?

High specific heat Signup and view all the answers

What property of water is mainly responsible for its high specific heat?

Hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of ice benefit aquatic life in lakes and ponds?

Ice layers provide insulation, keeping water below warm. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes cohesion in water?

Water molecules sticking to one another Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is a result of water's cohesion and surface tension?

A floating leaf on water's surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered macromolecules?

Nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrogen bonds contribute to water's unique properties?

They create interactions that lead to various properties like cohesion and adhesion. Signup and view all the answers

What role do hydrogen bonds play in water's adhesion properties?

They facilitate water's ability to stick to other molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in biological systems?

Providing energy and cell structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a dissecting microscope?

To view external features of living or dead specimens. Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope is best suited for visualizing internal structures that other microscopes cannot see?

Transmission Electron Microscope Signup and view all the answers

What magnification level can a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) achieve?

Up to 500,000x Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope provides a 2-dimensional view of specimens?

Compound Light Microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of both the Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope?

Only works on dead specimens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme in a chemical reaction?

To bring substrates together and weaken their bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component involved in a chemical reaction facilitated by enzymes?

Byproducts Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is photosynthesis classified as?

Endothermic reaction Signup and view all the answers

How do factors like temperature and pH influence enzyme activity?

They affect the shape of the enzyme and its active site Signup and view all the answers

What must all chemical reactions provide to initiate the process?

Activation energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

To lower the activation energy required. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is part of the principles of cell theory?

All organisms are made of cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental factors affect enzymes?

Enzyme concentration affects the reaction rate when outside optimal conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes enzymes from other catalysts?

Enzymes can only react with specific substrates. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the scientists instrumental in proposing that all living entities are made of cells?

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is unique to eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

Storing DNA in a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy source used during active transport?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of water particles through a membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes passive transport?

It moves materials down the concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the ability of the cell membrane to allow only certain materials to pass through?

Selective permeability Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in a hypotonic solution when a cell is immersed in it?

Water diffuses into the cell, potentially causing it to swell or burst. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell membrane provides strength by stabilizing the phospholipid bilayer?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the semipermeable nature of the cell membrane?

It controls the passage of selective materials into and out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

In the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Polar phosphate head Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of water diffusion in a hypertonic solution?

Water diffuses out of the cell, leading to cell shrinkage. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

$C_6H_{12}O_6$ and $O_2$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does cellular respiration primarily occur?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cellular respiration does not require oxygen?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to energy transformations?

Photosynthesis stores energy while cellular respiration releases it Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between fermentation and cellular respiration?

Fermentation is anaerobic, while cellular respiration is aerobic. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is fermentation most likely to occur?

In a hydrothermal vent where oxygen is scarce. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells?

Production of lactic acid leading to muscle cramps. Signup and view all the answers

What type of fermentation is primarily utilized by yeast?

Alcohol fermentation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the ATP production in fermentation is true?

Fermentation produces a small amount of ATP compared to cellular respiration. Signup and view all the answers