Biology Chapter 2: Water and Macromolecules
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Questions and Answers

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to act as a solvent for many biological molecules?

  • Density
  • Surface tension
  • Polarity (correct)
  • High specific heat

What role does carbon play in the structure of macromolecules in living organisms?

  • It is a core element in forming diverse organic compounds. (correct)
  • It serves as a secondary energy source.
  • It acts solely as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
  • It forms ionic bonds with other elements.

What is the significance of pH in biological systems?

  • It regulates the temperature of living cells.
  • It primarily influences the molecular weight of substances.
  • It has no impact on the functioning of organisms.
  • It affects enzyme activity and metabolic reactions. (correct)

Which property of water contributes to its high specific heat capacity?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates function in living organisms?

<p>They provide immediate energy and structural support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is a result of carbon's versatile bonding capabilities?

<p>Nucleic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of water enables it to have a high surface tension?

<p>Strong hydrogen bonding among water molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of biological significance, why is carbon considered a foundational element of life?

<p>It can create stable, long chains and diverse structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is not classified as essential to life?

<p>Gold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chlorophyll related to its atomic structure?

<p>It absorbs light for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates isotopes of an element from one another?

<p>The number of neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay to a stable form?

<p>Half-Life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between structure and function at the microscopic level?

<p>The arrangement of atoms impacts the properties and functions of molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic particles primarily determine an atom's chemical behavior?

<p>Electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are properties of water that support life EXCEPT:

<p>Low boiling point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element's atomic number is considered vital for forming biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids?

<p>Carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the significance of the cell theory?

<p>Cells are able to perform all functions necessary for life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of molecules in biological systems?

<p>They hold chemical units called atoms together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an organ from a tissue in biological systems?

<p>An organ is a structure with specific functions formed by various tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the arrangement of DNA in human cells?

<p>DNA is organized into chromosomes arranged in pairs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water's property as a polar molecule contribute to its biological significance?

<p>It enables water to act as a solvent for many biological reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the hierarchy of biological organization?

<p>Cells form tissues, which in turn form organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental significance of carbon in biological systems?

<p>Carbon forms the backbone of most biological molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about emergent properties in biological systems is correct?

<p>Emergent properties reflect functions that are not present at lower levels of organization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Testable Hypothesis

A statement that can be tested and proven false through observation and experimentation.

Falsifiable Hypothesis

A hypothesis that can be proven wrong (it's possible to design a study to prove the hypothesis incorrect).

Non-testable Hypothesis

A statement that cannot be tested or proven wrong through observation or experimentation.

Elements Required for Life

About 25 elements are essential for the functions of living organisms.

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Atoms

Basic building blocks of matter, formed from protons, neutrons and electrons.

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Molecules

Two or more atoms bonded together.

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Water's Importance in Life

Water's chemical structure makes it critical for many biological processes.

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Carbon's Role in Life

Carbon is the fundamental element of macromolecules, essential for life on Earth.

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Organism

An individual living being, like a specific human being.

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Organ System

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

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Organ

A structure made of different tissues that performs a specific function for an organism.

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Tissue

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

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Cell

The fundamental unit of life. Nothing is truly 'living' below this.

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Theory

A well-supported explanation with great explanatory power. It has stood the test of time and extensive research.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the genetic material found in all living cells.

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Chromosomes

Large structures made of DNA that contain genes. We have 46 arranged in 23 pairs.

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Emergent Properties

Characteristics that arise from the complex interactions of components within a system, such as a living organism, and cannot be predicted by studying the components in isolation.

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Structure-Function Relationship

The close link between an organism's physical form (structure) and its ability to carry out specific tasks (function).

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Essential Elements of Life

About 25 chemical elements that are necessary for the survival and proper functioning of living organisms.

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Trace Elements

Elements required by living organisms in very small amounts, but are still essential for their survival and growth.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which uniquely identifies an element.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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Radioactive Isotopes

Isotopes that spontaneously decay, emitting particles and energy to become stable. They can be dangerous but also useful in research and medicine.

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Electron Shells

Energy levels where electrons reside around the nucleus of an atom, determining the atom's chemical behavior.

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Study Notes

BIOL 1111 - Concepts in Biology I

  • BIOL 1111 covers basic human biology, starting with atoms and biochemistry, then progressing to the immune system.
  • The course spans 2 to November 25.
  • The course covers Chapters 1-34 of the textbook.
  • Finals are scheduled for December 4-16.

Introductory Notes

  • The course begins with the fundamental components of a human being, atoms.
  • The course emphasizes basic biochemistry, including the impact of biological science on human health (vaccines, treatments, and diseases).
  • Students should expect a lot of preliminary biochemistry.

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Biology

  • Cells are considered the basic unit of life.
  • The seven characteristics of life are covered.

Key Facts/Biological Concepts

  • Right-handed people don't live longer than left-handed people.
  • The brain uses 20% of the oxygen in your bloodstream (TRUE).
  • Hair and fingernail growth do not continue after death.
  • Reading in dim light does not ruin eyesight (although it may strain your eyes and cause headaches).
  • It takes more muscles to smile than to frown, 1-2 more muscles.
  • Eating turkey makes people drowsy because of tryptophan, an amino acid converted to melatonin, the sleep hormone.
  • The average person farts 14 times a day (TRUE).
  • Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor, but not direct ancestors.
  • It takes 7 years for chewing gum to digest (FALSE).
  • Sharks do not get cancer, though rarely (FALSE).
  • Waking sleepwalkers can harm them (FALSE).
  • Antibiotics do not cure the common cold, as they are ineffective against viruses. (TRUE).
  • Vitamin C does not prevent the common cold or flu.
  • You can get warts from touching a toad (FALSE).
  • The human body is estimated to have 60,000 miles of blood vessels.
  • Sneezes are usually less than 100 mph.
  • The brain itself cannot feel pain (TRUE).

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BIOL 1111 Course Overview PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the properties of water and its significance in biological systems, as well as the role of carbon in macromolecules. This quiz covers essential concepts such as pH, specific heat capacity, and the characteristics that make carbon a foundational element of life. Dive into the fascinating interactions that sustain living organisms.

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