Chapter 6 Part 5 The Other Systems

The lymphatic system is a vital network that works alongside the circulatory system, primarily focused on maintaining fluid balance, removing toxins and waste, and fighting infections.

The digestive system's primary function is to process ingested food, break down nutrients, and absorb them into the body. It also eliminates waste products.

The liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and appendix are considered accessory organs of the digestive system, contributing to nutrient absorption and waste elimination.

The digestive system follows a specific pathway: Mouth -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine -> Large Intestine -> Rectum -> Anus.

The abdomen is divided into four quadrants: Right Upper, Left Upper, Right Lower, and Left Lower. Each quadrant contains specific organs.

The integumentary system, commonly known as the skin, serves multiple functions: protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and impact absorption.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed of dead cells and serving as a protective barrier. It is the most external part of the skin.

The dermis is the functional layer of skin, containing structures like nerve endings and blood vessels. It plays an active role in skin health.

The subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer of skin, composed primarily of fat. It acts as insulation, shock absorber, and energy storage.

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones, which travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, triggering various responses.

The kidneys filter waste from the blood and produce urine.

The bladder stores urine until it's excreted.

The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

The testes produce sperm.

The penis is the external male reproductive organ, used for urination and sexual intercourse.

The ovaries produce eggs.

The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus.

The uterus is a muscular organ that houses the fetus during pregnancy.

The vagina is the birth canal, the passage for the fetus during delivery.

The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

The bladder stores urine until it is ready to be excreted from the body.

The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

The testes are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm.

The penis is the external male reproductive organ used for both urination and sexual intercourse.

The ovaries are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing and releasing eggs.

The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and are where fertilization usually occurs.

The uterus is a muscular organ that houses a developing fetus during pregnancy.

The vagina is the birth canal, the passage through which a baby is delivered.