Biology Quiz: Genetics and Population Growth

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Questions and Answers

During transcription, DNA is transcribed into

rRNA

tRNA

amino acids

mRNA (correct)

According to Chargaff's data, A must pair with T and G must pair with C.

A; G; T; C

G; U; A; C

A; T; C; G (correct)

C; T; G; A

Emperor penguins defend an area around their nests. Their territory encompasses a complete circle around the nest with approximately a 0.5 m radius. If each nesting penguin has this same size and shape territory, what type of distribution will these animals exhibit?

dense

clumped (correct)

uniform

random

independent

Schools of parrot fish tend to remain within close proximity to coral reefs for protection from predators and for easy access to food sources. What type of distribution does this represent?

clumped Signup and view all the answers

The term semiconservative refers specifically to

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

TRNAs carrying the correct amino acid recognize the proper codons on the mRNA because

The anticodon of the tRNA hydrogen binds to the codon of the mRNA by complementary base pairing. Signup and view all the answers

There are three steps that are required for DNA replication. The first step, unwinding, is accomplished by the enzyme

helicase Signup and view all the answers

If an organism's DNA contains 18% adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of guanine nucleotides?

32% Signup and view all the answers

If an organism's DNA contains 28% adenine nucleotides and 22% guanine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of cytosine nucleotides?

22% Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

Each resulting DNA molecules is comprised of one new DNA strand and one old strand. Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are true of BOTH logistic growth and exponential growth except

They both have a stable equilibrium phase. Signup and view all the answers

When a population reaches the stable equilibrium phase, this is considered

the carrying capacity of the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following populations has the greatest biotic potential?

Population D in which individuals reach sexual maturity in 6 months and produce 5 offspring each year. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of exponential growth?

1,000 - 1,500 - 2,000 Signup and view all the answers

If a population of 200 squirrels has a 10 percent growth rate each year, how many individuals will there be in the population after 3 years (assuming that no deaths occur during this period)?

approximately 400 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect match of structure to function?

filament - produces pollen Signup and view all the answers

The microspores develop into pollen grains in the

anther Signup and view all the answers

What chemical force must be overcome in order to separate the two DNA strands during replication?

hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

RNA differs from DNA because RNA

is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded. Signup and view all the answers

Which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?

thymine Signup and view all the answers

If RNA polymerase malfunctions,

mRNA will not be formed. Signup and view all the answers

DNA serves as a template for the formation of _ during a process called transcription.

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication makes a(n) _ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) _ copy of the DNA strand.

DNA; mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor?

parasite infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of equilibrium species?

logistic growth Signup and view all the answers

Different populations living in the same geographical region is a(n)

community Signup and view all the answers

If the fishing village of Hopkins, Belize, is experiencing a decreasing population, what should they do if they wish to reverse this trend and see the greatest amount of population growth in the next 10 years?

Increase the number of individuals in the prereproductive stage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a community?

squirrels and the oak trees they live in Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?

a coral reef together with all the fishes and invertebrates living in and around it Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following communities is the least diverse?

5 elm trees, 7 beech trees, 6 birch trees Signup and view all the answers

Ecological succession is

an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

The first pioneer species to appear in an area undergoing secondary succession is

able to produce numerous offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?

Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transcription and Translation

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, not amino acids
RNA is transcribed into mRNA, not amino acids
mRNA is not transcribed into tRNA
rRNA is not transcribed into tRNA

Population Growth

Rapidly growing populations have more reproductive individuals than postreproductive or prereproductive individuals.
Biotic potential is the maximum rate of population growth under unlimited resources.
Logistic growth is influenced by resource availability.
Exponential growth is not influenced by resource availability.
Stable equilibrium phase shows the carrying capacity of the environment.

DNA Replication

DNA replication is semiconservative
Helicase unwinds DNA strands during replication
DNA polymerase (not RNA polymerase) is involved in DNA replication
DNA replication results in 2 strands of DNA each with an old strand and a new strand.

Base Pairing

Chargaff's rule states that A=T and G=C in DNA.
The anticodon of tRNA hydrogen binds to the codon of mRNA via complementary base pairing.

Population Distribution

Clumped distribution is when organisms are grouped together (e.g., schools of fish or emperor penguins).
Uniform distribution is when organisms are equally spaced (e.g., territorial animals).
Random distribution is when organisms are scattered randomly (e.g., plants)

Reproductive Hormones and Processes

FSH promotes follicle development (estrogen secretion), LH promotes corpus luteum development (progesterone secretion).
Ovulation occurs when LH peaks.
Birth control inhibits FSH and LH production.

Seed Dispersal

Fleshy fruits are likely dispersed by animals.

DNA Structure

The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of nitrogenous bases.
The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of sugar-phosphate molecules.

Plant Reproduction

Double fertilization in flowering plants produces both a zygote and endosperm.
Gametophytes produce gametes.
Microspores develop into pollen grains in the anther.

Ecological Interactions

Mutualistic relationships benefit both species involved (e.g., crabs and corals).

Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is an orderly process of community change.
Pioneer species are the first to colonize disturbed areas undergo secondary succession, and primary succession. (e.g., plants in a forest after a forest fire).

Ecosystems and Communities

An ecosystem includes all species interacting with one another and the abiotic components of their environment.
A community is composed of different populations living in the same geographical area.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key biological concepts such as transcription, translation, DNA replication, and population growth. This quiz covers essential rules like Chargaff's rule and explores the dynamics of biotic potential and growth models. Refresh your understanding of genetics and population ecology.