Biology Quiz: Genetics and Population Growth

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Questions and Answers

During transcription, DNA is transcribed into

  • rRNA
  • tRNA
  • amino acids
  • mRNA (correct)

According to Chargaff's data, A must pair with T and G must pair with C.

  • A; G; T; C
  • G; U; A; C
  • A; T; C; G (correct)
  • C; T; G; A

Emperor penguins defend an area around their nests. Their territory encompasses a complete circle around the nest with approximately a 0.5 m radius. If each nesting penguin has this same size and shape territory, what type of distribution will these animals exhibit?

  • dense
  • clumped (correct)
  • uniform
  • random
  • independent

Schools of parrot fish tend to remain within close proximity to coral reefs for protection from predators and for easy access to food sources. What type of distribution does this represent?

<p>clumped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term semiconservative refers specifically to

<p>DNA replication (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

TRNAs carrying the correct amino acid recognize the proper codons on the mRNA because

<p>The anticodon of the tRNA hydrogen binds to the codon of the mRNA by complementary base pairing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are three steps that are required for DNA replication. The first step, unwinding, is accomplished by the enzyme

<p>helicase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organism's DNA contains 18% adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of guanine nucleotides?

<p>32% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organism's DNA contains 28% adenine nucleotides and 22% guanine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed of cytosine nucleotides?

<p>22% (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

<p>Each resulting DNA molecules is comprised of one new DNA strand and one old strand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are true of BOTH logistic growth and exponential growth except

<p>They both have a stable equilibrium phase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a population reaches the stable equilibrium phase, this is considered

<p>the carrying capacity of the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following populations has the greatest biotic potential?

<p>Population D in which individuals reach sexual maturity in 6 months and produce 5 offspring each year. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of exponential growth?

<p>1,000 - 1,500 - 2,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a population of 200 squirrels has a 10 percent growth rate each year, how many individuals will there be in the population after 3 years (assuming that no deaths occur during this period)?

<p>approximately 400 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect match of structure to function?

<p>filament - produces pollen (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The microspores develop into pollen grains in the

<p>anther (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical force must be overcome in order to separate the two DNA strands during replication?

<p>hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA differs from DNA because RNA

<p>is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?

<p>thymine (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If RNA polymerase malfunctions,

<p>mRNA will not be formed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA serves as a template for the formation of _ during a process called transcription.

<p>mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication makes a(n) _ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) _ copy of the DNA strand.

<p>DNA; mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor?

<p>parasite infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of equilibrium species?

<p>logistic growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Different populations living in the same geographical region is a(n)

<p>community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the fishing village of Hopkins, Belize, is experiencing a decreasing population, what should they do if they wish to reverse this trend and see the greatest amount of population growth in the next 10 years?

<p>Increase the number of individuals in the prereproductive stage (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a community?

<p>squirrels and the oak trees they live in (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?

<p>a coral reef together with all the fishes and invertebrates living in and around it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following communities is the least diverse?

<p>5 elm trees, 7 beech trees, 6 birch trees (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ecological succession is

<p>an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first pioneer species to appear in an area undergoing secondary succession is

<p>able to produce numerous offspring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

<p>regrowth and recolonization on Mt. St. Helens in areas covered with rock and lava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?

<p>Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These &quot;decorations&quot; help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Male gonad

The male reproductive organ that produces sperm.

Female gonad

The female reproductive organ that produces eggs.

DNA transcription

DNA is copied into mRNA.

Chargaff's rule

In DNA, A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

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Endometrium

The inner lining of the uterus.

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Clumped distribution

Organisms grouped closely together.

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Nitrogenous bases

The rungs of the DNA ladder.

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Sugar-phosphate molecules

The sides of the DNA ladder.

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Semiconservative replication

Each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

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DNA replication

The process of creating a new DNA molecule.

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Transcription mRNA

Process of creating mRNA from DNA.

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Biotic potential

The maximum growth rate of a population with unlimited resources.

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Exponential growth

Population growth where the size increases at a constant rate.

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Carrying capacity

The maximum number of individuals an environment can support.

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Logistic growth

Population growth that levels off at the carrying capacity.

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RNA

Single-stranded nucleic acid that carries out protein synthesis.

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DNA

Double-stranded nucleic acid that carries genetic information.

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Central dogma of biology

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

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Cytoplasm

The region inside the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus.

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Translation

Process of creating proteins from mRNA.

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tRNA

Type of RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes.

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rRNA

Type of RNA that forms part of the ribosome.

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Population

A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area.

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Community

Different populations living in the same geographical region.

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Ecosystem

All abiotic and biotic factors in a particular geographical region.

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Primary succession

The colonization of new land by species.

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Secondary succession

Regrowth of an area after a disturbance.

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Mutualistic relationship

A relationship where both species benefit.

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Study Notes

Transcription and Translation

  • DNA is transcribed into mRNA, not amino acids
  • RNA is transcribed into mRNA, not amino acids
  • mRNA is not transcribed into tRNA
  • rRNA is not transcribed into tRNA

Population Growth

  • Rapidly growing populations have more reproductive individuals than postreproductive or prereproductive individuals.
  • Biotic potential is the maximum rate of population growth under unlimited resources.
  • Logistic growth is influenced by resource availability.
  • Exponential growth is not influenced by resource availability.
  • Stable equilibrium phase shows the carrying capacity of the environment.

DNA Replication

  • DNA replication is semiconservative
  • Helicase unwinds DNA strands during replication
  • DNA polymerase (not RNA polymerase) is involved in DNA replication
  • DNA replication results in 2 strands of DNA each with an old strand and a new strand.

Base Pairing

  • Chargaff's rule states that A=T and G=C in DNA.
  • The anticodon of tRNA hydrogen binds to the codon of mRNA via complementary base pairing.

Population Distribution

  • Clumped distribution is when organisms are grouped together (e.g., schools of fish or emperor penguins).
  • Uniform distribution is when organisms are equally spaced (e.g., territorial animals).
  • Random distribution is when organisms are scattered randomly (e.g., plants)

Reproductive Hormones and Processes

  • FSH promotes follicle development (estrogen secretion), LH promotes corpus luteum development (progesterone secretion).
  • Ovulation occurs when LH peaks.
  • Birth control inhibits FSH and LH production.

Seed Dispersal

  • Fleshy fruits are likely dispersed by animals.

DNA Structure

  • The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of nitrogenous bases.
  • The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of sugar-phosphate molecules.

Plant Reproduction

  • Double fertilization in flowering plants produces both a zygote and endosperm.
  • Gametophytes produce gametes.
  • Microspores develop into pollen grains in the anther.

Ecological Interactions

  • Mutualistic relationships benefit both species involved (e.g., crabs and corals).

Ecological Succession

  • Ecological succession is an orderly process of community change.
  • Pioneer species are the first to colonize disturbed areas undergo secondary succession, and primary succession. (e.g., plants in a forest after a forest fire).

Ecosystems and Communities

  • An ecosystem includes all species interacting with one another and the abiotic components of their environment.
  • A community is composed of different populations living in the same geographical area.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

  • Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

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