Podcast
Questions and Answers
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
In a monohybrid cross, the term 'phenotype' refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
In a monohybrid cross, the term 'phenotype' refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
False (B)
What is the term for a condition where a pair of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis?
What is the term for a condition where a pair of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis?
nondisjunction
In the ABO blood group system, the 'O' allele is considered to be ______.
In the ABO blood group system, the 'O' allele is considered to be ______.
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Match the following blood vessels with their primary function:
Match the following blood vessels with their primary function:
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Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?
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Systemic circulation involves the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs.
Systemic circulation involves the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs.
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What are the two main requirements for respiration in animals?
What are the two main requirements for respiration in animals?
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The instrument used to measure lung capacities is called a ______.
The instrument used to measure lung capacities is called a ______.
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Match the following genetic terms with their definitions:
Match the following genetic terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?
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Bile is produced in the gall bladder.
Bile is produced in the gall bladder.
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What is the main function of the sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
What is the main function of the sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
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The process of breaking down fats into smaller droplets is called _______.
The process of breaking down fats into smaller droplets is called _______.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify living things into kingdoms?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify living things into kingdoms?
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Match the kingdom with the organism that belongs to it:
Match the kingdom with the organism that belongs to it:
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Viruses reproduce independently.
Viruses reproduce independently.
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The scientific naming system that uses a two-part name consisting of the genus and species is called _______ nomenclature.
The scientific naming system that uses a two-part name consisting of the genus and species is called _______ nomenclature.
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Which of the following represents the correct order of classification from the most inclusive to the least?
Which of the following represents the correct order of classification from the most inclusive to the least?
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Do individual organisms or populations evolve?
Do individual organisms or populations evolve?
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Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution?
Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution?
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Lamarck's theory of evolution proposed that characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.
Lamarck's theory of evolution proposed that characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.
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What is the meaning of 'survival of the fittest' in the context of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
What is the meaning of 'survival of the fittest' in the context of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
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A change in a gene pool due to a rapid decrease in population size is known as the ______ effect.
A change in a gene pool due to a rapid decrease in population size is known as the ______ effect.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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According to Darwin, which of the following is a key component of evolution by natural selection?
According to Darwin, which of the following is a key component of evolution by natural selection?
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Mutations are always harmful to organisms.
Mutations are always harmful to organisms.
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What is the primary source of new genetic variation within a species?
What is the primary source of new genetic variation within a species?
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The study of how a population's gene pool changes over time is called ______.
The study of how a population's gene pool changes over time is called ______.
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What did Charles Darwin explain in his book 'The Origin of Species'?
What did Charles Darwin explain in his book 'The Origin of Species'?
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Study Notes
Exam Information
- Date: Friday, January 24
- Time: 8:50 AM
- Location: Room 250
- Length: 2 hours
Exam Outline
- Scantron: 45 multiple choice questions (45 marks)
- Scantron: 25 matching questions (25 marks)
- Short Answer Questions: 4 short answer questions, 3 are mandatory (25 marks)
- Labeling Diagrams (8 marks)
- Total marks: 103
Hint
- All questions on the exam are covered in the PowerPoint presentation.
- Some concepts are not part of the exam.
- Look for the image provided to identify concepts that can be omitted from studying.
Topic: Genetic Processes
- Focus on the genetic material DNA, and RNA structures
Topic: Cell Cycle
- Study the cell cycle
Topic: Genetic Material
- Understand DNA and RNA structures and function
- Key concepts include homologous chromosomes, centromere, kinetochore, synaptonemal complex, sister chromatids, AT, and CoGeco (likely a typo for GC)
Topic: Interphase, Mitosis/Meiosis, and Cytokinesis
- Understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis
- Understand that mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells
- Know the stages of mitosis and meiosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
- Understand the process of fertilization linking haploid sex cells (sperm and egg) resulting in a diploid zygote
Topic: Errors in Meiosis
- Recognize that errors in meiosis, such as nondisjunction, can lead to genetic disorders.
- Examples of genetic disorders stemming from meiotic errors: Klinefelter's syndrome, Down's syndrome, and Turner's syndrome.
Topic: Human Chromosomes
- Know that humans have 46 chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes).
- Recognize karyotypes for Klinefelter and Down syndromes.
Topic: Mendelian Genetics
- Study inheritance patterns of traits based on Mendel's laws.
Topic: Terms: phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive, allele, gene
- Understand the definitions of phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive, allele, and gene.
- Know the difference between homozygous dominant (BB), heterozygous (Bb), and homozygous recessive (bb).
- Understand the concept of alleles as variants of a gene
Topic: Monohybrid Cross
- Know how to perform monohybrid crosses involving single traits and analyzing phenotypic and genotypic ratios.
Topic: Non-Mendelian Genetics
- Complete understanding of inheritance patterns that are not described in classical Mendelian Genetics.
Topic: Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
- Understand the concept of incomplete dominance through examples like pink flowers arising from a cross involving red and white parents
Topic: Multiple Alleles (Blood Types)
- Understand multiple allele inheritance and how it applies to blood types.
Topic: Patterns of Inheritance
- Study patterns of inheritance including sex-linked (X-linked) recessive genetic traits and autosomal traits
- Understand inheritance in families (pedigrees)
- Be able to distinguish between pedigrees of X-linked recessive traits
Topic: X-linked, Autosomal
- Understand the basis of X-linked and autosomal inheritance
- Understand that diseases like Hemophilia can result from sex-linked inheritance
Topic: Genetic Diseases
- Be aware of genetic diseases such as Hemophilia and Sickle cell anemia
Topic: Animal Structure and Function
- Study the structures and functions of various animal systems
Topic: Cell Parts and Functions
- Study the structure and function of different cell components including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and golgi body
Topic: Circulatory System
- Understand the circulatory system, including its components (blood, blood vessels, and the heart).
- Detailed understanding of different blood components (plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).
Topic: Blood Types
- Understand the different blood types and their genetic basis.
Topic: Blood Vessels
- Thorough understanding of different blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).
Topic: Heart Structure and Function
- Understand various structures and functions of the heart including different heart valves.
Topic: Heart Conduction System
- Understand the electrical impulses and signal pathways that drive the heart
Topic: Systemic, Cardiac, and Pulmonary Circulation
- Study the flow of blood through the systems and understand the movement of blood rich in oxygen and carbon dioxide
Topic: Blood Pressure
- Study the concepts of blood pressure and how it is measured.
Topic: Cardiac Technologies and Diseases (Arrhythmias, ECG, Myocardial Infarction)
- Understand and know electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG), their importance, and their interpretation.
- Understand cardiovascular diseases/disorders (arrhythmias, myocardial infarction), how they are diagnosed, and common treatments
Topic: Respiratory System
- Understand various organs and components of the respiratory system and their functions
- Know the role of the different respiratory organs (Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm)
Topic: Respiration Requirements
- Understand respiratory system requirements including respiratory surfaces (for gas exchange) and moist environments (for gas dissolution).
Topic: Mechanics of Respiration
- Explain the mechanics of inhalation and exhalation, focusing on the role of the diaphragm.
Topic: Lung Capacity
- Understand different lung volumes and capacities, and how to use a spirometer.
- Understand the concepts of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, and residual volume.
Topic: Respiratory Diseases
- Study respiratory disorders and conditions, for example, emphysema, asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary fibrosis
Topic: Digestive System
- Understand the organs and components of the digestive system, including their functions.
Topic: Accessory Digestive Organs
- Study the functions of the accessory digestive organs
- Examples include liver, gall bladder and pancreas.
Topic: Enzymes and Nutrients
- Understand the different types of enzymes and nutrients
Topic: 4 Macromolecules
- Understand how large molecules are digested
Topic: Problems associated with cellulose digestion (in mammals)
- Understand cellulose digestion in mammals.
- Recognize the benefits of soluble and insoluble fiber.
Topic: Digestion and Absorption
- Understand the processes of mechanical and chemical digestion and nutrient absorption in the different components of the digestive system
Topic: Digestive disorders
- Understand disorders like hiatal hernia, GERD, peptic ulcer, gastritis, Gastroparesis, gallstones, celiac disease, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Topic: Diversity of Living Things
- Understand the classification of life on Earth.
Topic: Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes
- Compare/contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Topic: Archaea vs. Bacteria
- Understand the differences between archaea and bacteria.
Topic: Gram Positive vs. Negative Bacteria
- Differentiate gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Topic: Kingdom Animalia Characteristics
- Understand the characteristics and features of Kingdom Animalia, including heterotrophic, eukaryotic and multicellular nature and characteristics like sense organs and mobility
Topic: Major Animal Phyla
- Understand the major animal phyla, their shared characteristics, and evolutionary relationships.
Topic: Binomial Nomenclature
- Understand the use of binomial nomenclature.
- Understand the classification system (DKPCOFGS)
Topic: Dichotomous Key for Leaves
- Understand how a dichotomous key is used to classify different types of plants
Topic: Viruses (Structure, Reproduction)
- Understand viral structure and replication cycles including lytic and lysogenic cycles.
Topic: Plants
- Understand the broad characteristics of Kingdom Plantae
Topic: Parts of Flowers
- Familiarize with the different parts of a flower
Topic: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
- Understand the characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms, compare/contrast their reproduction strategies, and how they are classified
Topic: Evolution
- Understand the theory of evolution
Topic: Evidence of Evolution
- Identify different forms of evidence for evolution
Topic: Charles Darwin's Contribution to Evolution
- Understand Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and concepts like natural selection and the role of variation
Topic: Lamarck vs. Darwin
- Compare and contrast the evolutionary theories of Lamarck and Darwin.
Topic: Natural Selection and Artificial Selection
- Differentiate the roles of natural and artificial selection processes.
Topic: Mutations
- Understand the general concept of mutations and how mutations relate to genetic changes in populations and species
- Note that mutations may be neutral, harmful, or beneficial.
Topic: Microevolution
- Explore microevolution concepts including gene flow, genetic drift, the bottleneck effect, and the founder effect.
Topic: Macroevolution (Speciation)
- Study speciation processes and reproductive isolation mechanisms including allopatric and sympatric speciation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology, including genetics, cell cycle phases, and human physiology. This quiz covers topics such as DNA replication, blood types, and digestive functions. Challenge yourself with questions that assess your understanding of biological processes and terminologies.
