Biology Quiz: Ecology and Genetics

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of algae called?

Protozoology

Phycology (correct)

Mycology

Bacteriology

Which characteristic is NOT typical of protozoa?

Motility using various structures

Ingestion of food particles

Ability to live in aquatic environments

Presence of cell walls (correct)

What type of relationship is described when one species benefits while the other is harmed?

Commensalism

Parasitism (correct)

Symbiosis

Mutualism

Which type of organism creates its own food through inorganic substances?

Autotroph (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to organisms that eat only plants?

Herbivores (D) Signup and view all the answers

If an organism consumes a herbivore, at what trophic level is it categorized?

Secondary consumer (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are NOT effective for the treatment of protozoan infections?

Antibiotics (B) Signup and view all the answers

In an ecosystem, a tertiary consumer is best described as:

An organism that eats other carnivores or omnivores (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which floral structure is responsible for attracting pollinators?

Petals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anther in a flower?

To produce pollen (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pistil develops into a fruit?

Ovary (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a gene pair where both alleles are identical?

Homozygous (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Mendelian genetics, what is the term for a trait that is masked in the presence of a dominant trait?

Recessive (B) Signup and view all the answers

In genetic notation, how is a dominant gene typically represented?

A capital letter (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the paired structures where genes are located?

Chromosomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the observable characteristics of an organism?

Phenotype (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the eye is primarily responsible for regulating the amount of light entering?

The iris (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rod cells in the retina?

Distinguishing black and white and enabling night vision (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ear is responsible for collecting sound waves?

The outer ear (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three small bones in the middle ear collectively known as?

Ossicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Eustachian tube in the ear?

Equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT directly involved in the process of hearing?

The retina (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lens located in the eye?

Behind the cornea (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye contains the photoreceptor cells?

Retina (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

It covers the windpipe to prevent food from entering the respiratory system. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What substance do gastric cells secrete to protect the stomach wall?

Mucus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme?

Partially digested food mixed in the stomach. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Small intestine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by excessive water reabsorption in the colon?

Constipation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What function does bile serve in the digestive system?

Aids in the digestion of fats. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the small intestine in humans?

6 meters (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure greatly increases the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

Villi (D) Signup and view all the answers

What defines a pure substance?

A form of matter with a fixed composition and characteristic properties (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which particle in an atom is positively charged?

Proton (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a compound from an element?

Compounds consist of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is an atom identified uniquely?

By its atomic number and symbol (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about mixtures?

Mixtures can be separated by physical means. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do valence electrons play in an atom?

They influence the atom's chemical properties and bonding behavior. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an isotope?

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes metals from nonmetals on the periodic table?

Metals have high electrical conductivity and luster. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of neutrons in the isotope iodine-127?

74 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do you call an atom that has more electrons than protons?

Anion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly explains the octet rule?

Atoms combine to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?

Covalent bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which element can contain a maximum of two valence electrons?

Helium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when it loses one electron?

It becomes a positive ion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a neutral sodium atom loses one electron, what will be its net charge?

+1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of valence electrons for elements in period 2 of the periodic table?

8 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

NLN Nursing Entrance Exam (NEX) Review - Science Section

Review materials are for one person's use only.
Review guide is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
The guide is designed to supplement existing high school/college-level science knowledge.
The document covers topics in Biology, Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, and Health, as required by the NLN NEX exam.

General Biology

General biology encompasses the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Topics include cell structure and function, evolution, ecology, microbiology, genetics, organizational levels and taxonomies, research and laboratory procedures, and plant and photosynthesis concepts.

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the smallest functional units of living things.
Cells vary in size and shape depending on their function.
Key cell components and their functions are listed in the text.
DNA is genetic information contained within the cell nucleus.

Levels of Organization

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems form organisms.
Tissues include muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective tissues.
The human body is an example of an organism.

Diffusion and Osmosis

Diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentration areas to low concentration areas until an equilibrium is achieved.
Osmosis is the specific movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmotic pressure refers to the movement of water from an area with high concentration to low concentration (and depends on the solute concentration of the outside/inside of the cell).
Solutions are defined according to the amount of solute in relation to the amount of water (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic).

Evolution

Evolution is the process which present species evolved from ancestral ones.
Evidence for evolution includes fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology and molecular biology.

Microbiology

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae and protozoa.
Microorganisms, while many are harmless, some cause disease (pathogens).
Bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa are single-celled organisms.

Ecology: Interrelationships and Problems

Ecology studies the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Levels of organization include autotrophs (producers), heterotrophs (consumers), primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, biotic factors, abiotic factors, and ecosystems; among others.
Biomes are large areas characterized by climate and the types of organisms that live there. Some examples include deserts, tropical rain forests, deciduous forests, coniferous forests, and tundra biomes.
Symbiotic relationships between organisms exist; examples include parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.

Plants and Photosynthesis

Plants employ photosynthesis to create their own organic molecules.
Chlorophyll plays a key role in absorbing light energy.
Plants have different structures enabling them to function in various environments.

Genetics

Genetics focuses on the characteristics of organisms as determined by their genes and how these characteristics are passed onto their offspring.
Genes are located on chromosomes, which exist in pairs (homologous pairs).
Alleles, forms of a gene, determine the trait appearance (phenotype) and are passed on to offspring through segregation, independent assortment or co-dominance.
Mendel's experiments provide evidence of the laws of segregation, independent assortment, and the concept of dominance in inheritance.

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Includes details in various organ systems
Covers detailed topics (with diagrams) for each organ system. This includes:
- Digestive system
- Circulatory and lymphatic system
- Respiratory system
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Musculoskeletal system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
- Integumentary system
- Senses

Basic Chemistry

The study of matter and its interactions focuses on atomic structure, isotopes, ions, the periodic table, bonding, mixtures, and physical/chemical changes.
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Pure substances are elements or compounds.
Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded (solutions, tinctures, and emulsions).
Chemical reactions involve changes from reactants to products.

Health

Health is more than the absence of disease or injury; it encompasses a holistic view of well-being, including physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual health.
Factors may include rest, diet, exercise, hygiene, avoiding certain substances, and environmental influence.
Prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the likelihood and impact of diseases and injuries are also discussed.
Screening and vaccination procedures are covered, with related health risks and outcomes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ecology, genetics, and the characteristics of different organisms in this engaging biology quiz. Covering topics such as trophic levels, plant reproduction, and Mendelian genetics, it's perfect for biology students seeking to reinforce their understanding.