Biology Quiz: Cell Functions and Diseases

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Questions and Answers

List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.

stomach, intestines, spleen, liver

The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP.

False

Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane.

True

Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell.

False Signup and view all the answers

Receptor mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell to bring about changes within the cell.

True Signup and view all the answers

Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure.

False Signup and view all the answers

In Tay Sachs disease, what organelle within the cell is impacted?

lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Tay Sachs disease and why do they occur?

Intellectual disability and death due to the buildup of toxic lipids in brain cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why.

The smaller cell, because it has a larger surface area relative to volume, allowing faster metabolic processes. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the soft palate during swallowing?

The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages. Signup and view all the answers

Air and food pass through which area: Trachea, Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Alveoli?

Oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

Label the following five items from the diagram:

B = Oral Cavity D = Epiglottis E = Glottis F = Trachea G = Esophagus Signup and view all the answers

From widest to narrowest, what are the branches of the bronchial tree?

Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone with hypergastrinemia develop gastric/stomach ulcers?

Excess gastrin stimulates secretion of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid, which may erode the stomach lining. Signup and view all the answers

Label the following five organs of the digestive system in the diagram:

3 = Stomach 4 = Gallbladder 7 = Jejunum (not small intestine) 9 = Appendix (not large intestine) 10 = Rectum (not large intestine) Signup and view all the answers

Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions, and purposes.

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid; Chief cells secrete pepsinogen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abdominal Cavity

The abdominal cavity holds organs including the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process that produces ATP, not ADP.

Peripheral Proteins

Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane.

Exocytosis and Endocytosis

Exocytosis is the process of releasing biomacromolecules outside the cell.
Endocytosis is the process of bringing biomacromolecules inside the cell.

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell to bind to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins.
This is an active process that requires cellular energy.

Tay-Sachs Disease

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disease caused by a lack of digestive enzymes in lysosomes.
This leads to a buildup of toxic lipids in the brain cells, causing intellectual disability and death.

Cell Size and Respiration

Smaller cells are more active because their surface area is larger relative to their volume compared to bigger cells.
This allows metabolic processes to occur faster.

Swallowing

The soft palate moves up during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the nasal passages.

Areas of Food and Air Passage

Air and food pass through the oropharynx.

Diagram Label: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus

Label B: Oral Cavity
Label D: Epiglottis
Label E: Glottis
Label F: Trachea
Label G: Esophagus

Bronchial Tree Branches

The bronchial tree branches from widest to narrowest are: primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles.

Hypergastrinemia and Gastric Ulcers

Hypergastrinemia is a condition where there is excessive secretion of gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the production of pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid.
This can lead to erosion of the stomach lining, resulting in ulcers.

Digestive System Organs

3: Stomach
4: Gallbladder
7: Jejunum (part of the small intestine)
9: Appendix (part of the large intestine)
10: Rectum (part of the large intestine)

Parietal and Chief Cells

Parietal cells are located in the wall of the stomach body.
- They secrete hydrochloric acid, creating a pH of 1.3-3.5, which kills bacteria and stops the action of salivary amylase.
- Hydrochloric acid is also necessary for the activation of pepsin.
Chief cells are also located in the stomach.
- They secrete pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme).
- Hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin, which begins the breakdown of proteins.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology, focusing on the abdominal cavity, cellular respiration, and processes like exocytosis and endocytosis. Additionally, explore the implications of Tay-Sachs disease and how cell size affects respiration. This quiz covers essential topics in cellular biology and disease pathology.