Biology Quiz: Cell Cycle and Genetics

The process by which cells divide to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

The process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells.

A change in the number of chromosomes in a cell, often caused by an error in meiosis.

The physical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genes.

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles it carries.

A variation of a gene, represented by different forms of a gene for the same trait.

A trait that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the dominant allele is present.

A trait that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies of the recessive allele are present.

A cross between individuals that differ in a single trait.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

The process of taking in nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream. It primarily occurs in the small intestine.

A digestive disorder characterized by the stomach protruding through the diaphragm, leading to heartburn and acid reflux.

A condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and pain.

The process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.

The process of chemically breaking down food molecules using enzymes.

Organisms with cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Organisms with cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A system for naming species using two words: genus followed by species.

A hierarchical system of classifying organisms based on shared characteristics.

The idea that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.

Darwin proposed that individuals with advantageous traits for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring.

The process by which humans intentionally breed organisms with desired traits.

Changes in DNA that create new alleles. Mutations are the only source of new genetic variations.

Changes in allele frequencies within a population due to random chance events.

A specific type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals leaves a larger population to found a new one.

Another form of genetic drift that occurs when a population experiences a drastic reduction in size, often due to a catastrophic event, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity.

The process by which new species arise. Two main types:

Occurs when a new species evolves within the same geographic area as its ancestors.

Occurs when a population becomes geographically isolated, preventing gene flow between the separated groups, eventually leading to the evolution of distinct species.