Biology Quiz: Cell Characteristics and Microscope Parts
52 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

  • Growth and development
  • Inability to respond to changes (correct)
  • Production of waste
  • Ability to reproduce

All cells are produced from other cells according to cell theory.

True (A)

What part of the microscope is used to hold down a slide?

Stage Clips

Animal cells have a more _____ shape compared to plant cells.

<p>irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the microscope to their functions:

<p>Eyepiece = To view the specimen Objective Lenses = Changes magnification Diaphragm = Adjusts the amount of light Fine &amp; Course Adjustment = Focuses and moves the stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total magnification if the objective lens is set to 10x and the eyepiece is 10x?

<p>100x (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells contain lysosomes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define organelles in the context of cells.

<p>Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object when its density is greater than the density of the fluid it is in?

<p>It sinks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Buoyancy can be experienced by objects in both water and air.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating density?

<p>Density = Mass/Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

The method used to determine the volume of irregular objects is called the ______ method.

<p>displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of a fluid system with their functions:

<p>Pump = Forces liquids through a system Conductor = Provides a pathway to carry the fluid Valve = Keeps the fluid moving in the desired direction Pressure Gauge = Monitors pressure within the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

<p>Breaking down worn out cell parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane is permeable to all materials without any regulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

<p>Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water moves through a membrane from high ______ concentration to low concentration during the process of osmosis.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is facilitated diffusion?

<p>Passive transport using proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

<p>Diffusion = Movement of particles from high to low concentration Osmosis = Diffusion of water through a membrane Endocytosis = Cell takes in materials by folding its membrane Exocytosis = Cell releases large particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hypertonic solution, water moves into the cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane has a hydrophilic ______ that faces outward and a hydrophobic ______ that faces inward.

Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lysosomes?

<p>They are responsible for protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane is permeable to all substances, allowing anything to pass through.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of the cell membrane?

<p>phospholipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration is called ______.

<p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to osmosis with their correct descriptions:

<p>Isotonic = Water moves into the cell. Hypertonic = Water moves out of the cell. Hypotonic = The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy from the cell?

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocytosis is the process by which the cell releases large particles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

<p>Diffusion is the movement of any type of particle from high to low concentration, while osmosis is the specific movement of water molecules across a membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an organ system?

<p>A collection of organs that work together for a common purpose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gas exchange involves taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of viscosity?

<p>A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _________ force at the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave like a stretched elastic sheet is known as surface tension.

<p>cohesive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Cohesion = Attraction between particles of the same substance Adhesion = Attraction between particles of a fluid and a solid surface Laminar Flow = Smooth, orderly flow of a fluid Turbulent Flow = Chaotic, irregular fluid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows membranes to self-repair?

<p>Cohesive forces within the membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To decrease viscosity, you should add thickening agents.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is known as 'cell eating'?

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exocytosis involves the cell pulling materials into itself.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for digesting food in an animal cell?

<p>lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms like Euglena have both __ and __ characteristics.

<p>plant, animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following unicellular organisms with their characteristics:

<p>Paramecium = Uses cilia for movement and feeds on bacteria Amoeba = Moves with pseudopods and engulfs food Euglena = Moves with flagella and can photosynthesize</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five kingdoms of life?

<p>Mammals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multicellular organisms consist of only one type of cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells that are specialized for different functions in multicellular organisms?

<p>cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>Controls what goes in and out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mitochondria are responsible for storing food and water in a cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is a specialized structure within the cell that makes ribosomes.

<p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary functions:

<p>Vacuoles = Stores food and water Golgi Body = Packages proteins for distribution Endoplasmic Reticulum = Transports proteins and materials Cytoplasm = Holds organelles in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are mitochondria found within a cell?

<p>Scattered throughout the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall surrounds the cell membrane and provides protection.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two functions of the cytoplasm.

<p>Holds organelles in place; transports materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are cells?

Living things are made up of one or more of these basic units.

What is reproduction?

The ability of a living thing to produce offspring.

What is growth and development?

Living things increase in size and complexity over time.

How do living things obtain energy?

The process by which living things take in and use energy to fuel their activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do living things respond to changes?

Living things sense and respond to changes in their environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is repair in living things?

Living things can repair damaged parts, helping them stay healthy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is lifespan?

The lifetime of a living thing, from birth to death.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the eyepiece on a microscope?

The lens that you look through to see the specimen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance that fills a cell, providing support for organelles and facilitating transport.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane

The outermost boundary of a cell that controls what enters and exits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus

The cell's control center, responsible for directing all its activities, including growth and reproduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vacuoles

Storage compartments within a cell, holding water and nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides protection and structural support to plant cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chloroplasts

Small organelles found in plant cells, responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy (photosynthesis).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleolus

An organelle within the nucleus, responsible for producing ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for producing energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lysosomes

Organelles responsible for breaking down worn-out cell parts and digesting cell waste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Passive Transport

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without requiring energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Isotonic Solution

A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypertonic Solution

A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypotonic Solution

A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell, causing water to move into the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endocytosis

The process by which a cell takes in large particles by engulfing them with its membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Tension

The cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that makes it act like a stretched sheet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adhesion

The attraction between particles of a fluid and a solid surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cohesion

The attraction between particles of the same substance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laminar Flow

Smooth, orderly flow of a fluid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Turbulent Flow

Chaotic, irregular fluid movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Density

The mass of a substance per unit volume. (Density = Mass ÷ Volume)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Particle Theory of Matter

Tiny particles that make up all matter. Always moving, attract each other, and their movement is affected by temperature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Water Displacement

The amount of water displaced by an object equals the volume of the object submerged.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pascal's Law

The ability of a fluid to transmit pressure equally in all directions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pneumatic Systems

Systems that use compressed air to transmit force, like air brakes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydraulic Systems

Systems that use liquids to transmit force, like car lifts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is exocytosis?

A process where a cell releases materials outside by fusing a vesicle with the cell membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is phagocytosis?

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles, like food.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is pinocytosis?

A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs liquid droplets.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are unicellular organisms?

Organisms composed of a single cell, often simpler in structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are multicellular organisms?

Organisms made up of many cells that work together, often with specialized functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is cellular differentiation?

The process where cells develop specialized structures and functions. Think of different parts of a body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are tissues?

Groups of similar cells that function together to perform a specific task. Think of building blocks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Protist kingdom?

A kingdom of organisms that are mostly single-celled, often found in water, and can have both plant and animal characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Living Things

  • Living things are composed of cells
  • Living things reproduce
  • Living things grow and develop
  • Living things use energy
  • Living things respond to changes in their environment
  • Living things repair themselves
  • Living things produce waste
  • Living things have a lifespan

Cell Theory

  • Living organisms are made of one or more cells
  • The cell is the basic unit of life
  • All cells come from preexisting cells

Microscope Parts

  • Eyepiece: Used to view the specimen
  • Nosepiece: Rotates to change between different objective lenses
  • Objective lenses: Different magnification levels (40x - 400x)
  • Stage clips: Hold the slide in place
  • Diaphragm: Adjusts the amount of light
  • Light source: Shines light into the specimen
  • Microscope: Calculates total magnification by multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification.

Cell Parts and Functions

  • Cytoplasm: Fills the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane, holds organelles in place, and transports materials.
  • Cell membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell, and is a thin, flexible layer surrounding the cell.
  • Nucleus: Controls cell activities, size, and reproduction. It is a usually centrally located structure surrounded by a membrane.
  • Vacuoles: Stores food and water found near the center of the cell, which looks like an empty space.
  • Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells, converts light energy into chemical energy.
  • Nucleolus: Inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes.
  • Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell, usually oval-shaped and found throughout the cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth): Transports proteins and other materials throughout the cell, (rough ER has ribosomes on the surface, and smooth ER does not).
  • Golgi body/apparatus: Packages proteins. It's located near the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum, and is typically small.
  • Vesicles: Transports materials inside and outside the cell, which is often close to the Golgi apparatus.
  • Lysosomes: Break down worn-out cell parts and waste, found near the Golgi and throughout the cytoplasm
  • Cell wall: Surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells for protection and support, it has a fixed rectangular shape.
  • Ribosomes: Makes proteins, small and found throughout the cell.

Cell Membrane Structure

  • Phospholipids: Form a bilayer, Head is hydrophilic ("water loving"), and Tails is hydrophobic ("water fearing").
  • Proteins: Help transport particles in and out of the cell.

How Particles Move Through the Membrane

  • Passive transport: Doesn't require energy. Movement of particles from high to low concentration (Diffusion and Osmosis).
  • Active transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move particles from low to high concentration. Facilitated diffusion helps larger or charged particles move across the cell membrane.
  • Bulk transport: Cell takes in large particles (Endocytosis) or releases large particles (Exocytosis).

Diffusion/Osmosis

  • Diffusion: Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
  • Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane to create balance in concentration
  • Isotonic: Water in and out concentration of solute balanced inside and outside of the cell
  • Hypertonic: water moves out due to a higher concentration of solute in the surroundings compared to the cell.
  • Hypotonic: water moves in due to higher concentration of solute inside the cell versus the surroundings.

Endocytosis/Exocytosis

  • Endocytosis: Cell takes in materials by folding its membrane
  • Exocytosis: Cell pushes materials out by fusing a vesicle with the membrane

Classification of Organisms

  • Protists: Single-celled organisms, live in water, and have characteristics of both animals and plants (e.g., algae and amoeba).
  • Bacteria: Single-celled, no nucleus, found everywhere (e.g., E. coli).
  • Plants: Multicellular, make their own food via photosynthesis (e.g., trees and moss).
  • Animals: Multicellular, consume food, categorized as vertebrates or invertebrates (e.g., humans and insects).
  • Fungi: Multicellular or unicellular, absorb nutrients from dead matter (e.g., mushrooms and yeast).

Unicellular Organisms

  • Simple organisms, eat and move differently. Example: Paramceium and Amoeba.

Multicellular Organisms

  • Made of many cells working together, cells differentiate into specialized cells. Example: tissues, organs, organ systems

Living Things' Needs

  • Nutrition: Getting energy to live
  • Gas Exchange: Taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
  • Response to Environment: Reacting to changes in the environment (e.g., plants and animals)
  • Locomotion and Movement: Moving to meet needs

Other Concepts

  • Viscosity: A fluid's resistance to flow
  • Surface Tension: Cohesive force at the surface of a liquid
  • Adhesion: Attraction between different substances
  • Cohesion: Attraction between same substances like water molecules.
  • Laminar flow: Smooth, orderly movement of fluids like water in a pipe
  • Turbulent flow: Chaotic, irregular flow like water over rocks.
  • Density: Mass per unit volume
  • Calculating Density and Volume: Use displacement method (for irregular shapes).
  • Buoyancy: Upward force exerted by a fluid on an object, objects float when their density is lower than the fluid's.
  • Air and Water Pressure: Increases with depth.
  • Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems: Use fluids to transmit force (e.g., air brakes, car lifts)
  • Pascal's Law: Pressure applied to a confined fluid will be transmitted equally in all directions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Science Exam Review Doc PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental characteristics of living things, cell organelles, and the components of a microscope. This quiz also explores concepts like density, buoyancy, and active transport within biological systems. Challenge yourself with these essential biology concepts!

More Like This

Bacteria and Archaea
10 questions

Bacteria and Archaea

MajesticWetland avatar
MajesticWetland
Cell Characteristics Quiz
6 questions

Cell Characteristics Quiz

GladEmerald avatar
GladEmerald
Cell Characteristics Quiz
5 questions

Cell Characteristics Quiz

WellIntentionedFantasy9338 avatar
WellIntentionedFantasy9338
Cell Characteristics
9 questions

Cell Characteristics

MeticulousElectricOrgan avatar
MeticulousElectricOrgan
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser