Biology Quiz 2021-2022

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is present in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes?

nucleus

spliceosomes

mitochondria

simultaneous transcription and translation (correct)

The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the:

ribose

hydrogen

phosphate

deoxyribose (correct)

What is the primary role for antibodies in resistance to bacterial infection?

Activation of the alternative complement pathway (correct)

Promoting cell lysis through perforin

Production of toxins

Inhibiting DNA replication

Which selective medium is used for Salmonella?

Hektoen enteric agar Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is involved in the predominant hypersensitivity reaction involving IgE?

Mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can distinguish self from pathogen?

Pattern recognition molecules Signup and view all the answers

The microorganism could use CO2 a carbon source and inorganic chemical compounds as an energy and electron source is

Chemolithoautotroph Signup and view all the answers

The compound that lacks the presence of phosphates in the structure of a bacterial Gram positive wall is

Tichuronic acid Signup and view all the answers

The microorganism that has no ability to synthesize a growth factor is

Auxoheterotrophic Signup and view all the answers

The swarming of Proteus bacteria inhibit if the concentration of agar is

1.5% Signup and view all the answers

Nitrosomonas is

Chemothetrotroph Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is most responsible for the nature of the lesion on the foot caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Superantigen toxin (StaphSAg) Signup and view all the answers

The blood culture was negative. What is the best explanation for this?

This is typical in staphylococcal TSS. Only the StaphSAg needs to circulate Signup and view all the answers

What types of inhibitors affect the work of enzymes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inhibits DNA gyrase?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic?

Sulfanilamide Signup and view all the answers

Which of these situations would be appropriate for treatment with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?

Treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial?

Glycopeptides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following resistance mechanisms describes the function of β-lactamase?

Target mimicry Signup and view all the answers

The etiology of the sore throat would have been best determined by:

Throat culture Signup and view all the answers

Virulence refers to:

The ability of bacteria to cause disease when presented with favorable circumstances (for the organism). Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory test would be most likely to confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi immunoassay plus immunoblot Signup and view all the answers

An F-pilus is essential for:

Plasmid transfer by conjugation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about gene expression is false?

Translation begins at a site called a promoter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression?

The mRNA is often polycistronic Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test for diagnosing Lyme disease involves detecting the presence of specific DNA sequences?

PCR of CSF Signup and view all the answers

Which method is least likely used to determine viral etiology?

Throat culture Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Competitive Exams for the Academic Year 2021-2022

Question 1

Chemoautotrophic organisms can use CO2 as a source of carbon and inorganic chemicals as a source of energy and electrons.
These organisms can be classified into three types: chemoautotrophic lithotrophic, chemoautotrophic non-lithotrophic, and mixotrophic.
The correct answer is chemoautotrophic lithotrophic.

Cell Wall Structure

Teichoic acid is absent in the cell wall structure of Gram-positive bacteria.
The correct answer is teichoic acid.

Nutrient Requirements

Some microorganisms are unable to synthesize growth factors.
The correct answer is oxytrophic non-autotrophic.

Bacterial Motility

The movement of Proteus bacteria stops at an agar concentration of 5%.

Nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas is a chemoautotrophic non-lithotrophic organism.

Question 2

There are several types of inhibitors that affect enzyme activity, including competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive, and suicide inhibitors.

Question 3

Staphylococcus aureus produces coagulase, which is responsible for the formation of abscesses on the skin.
The correct answer is coagulase.

Blood Culture

A negative blood culture result may be due to the presence of antibiotics, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria.
The correct answer is the presence of antibiotics.

The Etiology of Sore Throat

The etiology of sore throat can be determined by throat culture, ASO titer, or throat antigen detection.

Virulence

Virulence refers to the ability of bacteria to cause disease in a susceptible host.

Lyme Disease

The diagnosis of Lyme disease can be confirmed by Borrelia burgdorferi immunoassay, immunoblot, or PCR of CSF.

Spore Formation

Spore formation involves several stages, including sporulation, germination, and outgrowth.

F-pilus

F-pilus is essential for chromosome transfer by conjugation.

Gene Expression

More than one RNA polymerase can transcribe a specific gene at a given time.
More than one ribosome can translate a specific transcript at a given time.
Translation begins at a site called a terminator.

Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Eukaryotic gene expression involves the addition of a 5' cap and a poly A tail to the mRNA.
Introns must be removed to create the mRNA that is translated.
Translation begins at the first AUG.

Multiple Choice

Spliceosomes are present in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.
The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the deoxyribose.

Short Answer

Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through direct cell-to-cell contact.
Transformation involves the uptake of free DNA by a bacterium.
Transduction involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through a bacteriophage.
Direct tests involve the detection of bacterial antigens or nucleic acids, while indirect tests involve the detection of antibodies or other immune responses.

Additional Questions

Microbial activity level can be determined by measuring the rate of substrate utilization or the production of metabolic byproducts.
The carbon cycle in land and microorganisms differs in terms of the sources of carbon and the types of organisms involved.
There is no significant difference between the water cycle in land and the water cycle on the mainland.

Question 13

Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase.
Sulfanilamide is a synthetic antimicrobial drug.
Narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drugs are appropriate for treating specific infections, such as strep throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Glycopeptides are a type of β-lactam antimicrobial.
β-lactamase resistance involves the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics.

Question 14

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is a selective target for antibacterial drugs.
An example of an antimicrobial compound that targets this structure is polymyxin.

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Description

A competitive exam for the academic year 2021-2022, covering various biology topics including cellular structures and microbiology.